Effects of light, temperature, and rate of desiccation on translucency in wheat grain

Parish, JA; Halse, N J

doi:10.1071/ar9680365

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…). These findings supported earlier work and demonstrated that the degree of vitreousness is highly influenced by the environmental conditions (Parish & Halse, ; Pomeranz & Williams, ). The degree of vitreousness for the cultivars at the different locations ranged between 37% and 100% in the irrigated areas and between 64% and 100% in the rainfed areas with irrigation tending to reduce the degree of vitreousness.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

The effect of genotype and environmental conditions on grain physiochemical properties of Syrian durum wheat cultivars

Brennan

Samaan

El‐Khayat

2012

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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The physical and chemical characteristics of five Syrian durum wheat cultivars grown under varying environmental conditions were investigated. Two cultivars were grown under irrigated conditions whilst two were grown under rainfed conditions in five different locations. A known cultivar (Sham-1) was grown alongside the samples in all locations as a control. Test weight, 1000-kernel weight, the degree of vitreousness, protein content, starch content, amylose content and starch pasting properties were determined for the samples. The effect of the environmental factors and their interaction (site 9 irrigation) showed that the irrigation factor was more responsible for physical quality variations than the site factor (for instance, site variation of the irrigated conditions was responsible for 61% of the total quality variation and 34% of total quality variations in the rainfed conditions). Starch composition was influenced more by site variations than irrigation, whereas cultivar factor mainly influenced starch quantity, chemical composition and pasting properties (for instance, variations were mostly affected by cultivar (63%) more than site (15%) in the irrigated lands). The interaction of cultivar and site demonstrated significant effects on the degree of vitreousness, amylose content and starch pasting properties. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 2012 65 70 Starch -% Figure 1 Diagrams of the physiochemical characteristics of durum wheat samples grown under either rainfed or irrigated field condition at five sites.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

The effect of genotype and environmental conditions on grain physiochemical properties of Syrian durum wheat cultivars

Brennan

Samaan

El‐Khayat

2012

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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“…The average maximum temperature in June was inversely correlated with the sum of precipitation in June (Figure 3). Our results are in accordance with previous findings that the agronomic conditions (water and nitrogen availability), climatic factors (temperature and light intensity) during grain filling, and the drying intensity at maturity influence grain vitreousness (Parish and Halse, 1968;Bechtel et al, 2009;Edwards, 2010, Nair et al, 2010. In all tested locations, mean temperatures and precipitations in June were inversely related, respectively, in the second compared to the first season.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effects of climatic factors on grain vitreousness stability and heritability in durum wheat

Branković

Dodig²,

Zorić³

et al. 2014

Turk J Agric For

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Modern durum wheat breeding programs are becoming more oriented toward creation of not only high-yield cultivars but also high quality, with good stability for the trait of interest. Vitreousness of grain is associated with semolina granulation, color, and protein content; it is regarded as one of the most important characteristics in the grading industry, affecting the commercial value of the commodity. A set of 15 winter and facultative durum wheat genotypes was tested for grain vitreousness across 6 environments for 2 consecutive years. Three-way analysis of variance showed that genotype, location, and year contributed 4.1%, 20.6%, and 42.2% to the total sum of squares, respectively. Interaction terms, including genotype, contributed 6.1% to the total sum of squares, and location × year contributed 27.0%. Stability of grain vitreousness for the examined breeding lines and cultivars of durum wheat was shown by the site's regression. Broad-sense heritability of grain vitreousness was estimated to be 71%. Climatic variables were used for factorial regression modeling, and most of the interaction term for grain vitreousness was explained by mean temperatures in June (54.4%) and April (14.2%), and precipitation (14.4%) and sunshine hours (14.3%) in March. During the grain filling and grain ripening stages, the most influential climatic variables in explaining interaction were maximum temperature (43.4%), precipitation (30.9%), and sunshine hours (5.6%).

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“…Grain vitreousness is an optical property related to endosperm translucence and it characterizes the mealy and vitreous states of the starchy endosperm (Anjum and Walker, 1991;Weightmann et al, 2008). It is mainly controlled by the environmental conditions during growing and grain maturation (Parish and Halse, 1969;Oury et al, 2015;Lopez-Ahumada et al, 2010) which affect the grain density via the proportion of voids in the endosperm (Anjum and Walker, 1991;Dobraszczyk et al, 2002). If vitreousness was generally significantly correlated with the protein content (Weightmann et al, 2008;Lopez-Ahumada et al, 2010), this relationship remains under debate as different levels of vitreousness can be observed for grains displaying the same protein content (Greffeuille et al, 2006(Greffeuille et al, , 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bottom-up model for understanding the effects of wheat endosperm microstructure on its mechanical strength

Chichti

Lullien-Pellerin

George

et al. 2016

Journal of Food Engineering

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Wheat flours are essential ingredients of daily food products like bread, cookies or pastries. Their quality depends on the milling process and mechanical strength of wheat grains. Although it is well known that the strength and rupture of grains are strongly controlled by the endosperm microstructure, the respective roles of the starch and polymer volume fractions and their adhesion are not yet fully understood. This typical biological microstructure can be modeled as a cemented granular material, where the two size populations of starch granules (large:A-type, small:B-type) are the particles, and the protein matrix, which partially fills the space between granules, plays the role of a cement. This structural model of wheat endosperm is used, together with mechanical characteristics of starch and proteins obtained by means of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) measurements, to simulate the mechanical behavior and breakage of wheat endosperm in milling process. We find that the porosity outweighs the effect of other parameters for the elastic modulus, which declines as a nearly linear function of porosity. We also show that the tensile strength is an increasing function of the amount and connectivity of starch granules with increasing concentration of stresses along chains of granules. This effect is more significant at low porosity where stress distribution is mainly controlled by the contact network between starch granules. This effect explains why the protein content is not fully correlated to vitreousness, and samples of similar protein content can be different in vitreosity. Finally, we find that the starch-granule adhesion strongly affects the tensile strength whereas the effect of starch volume fraction appears mainly at high interface adhesion, which is the case of hard type wheat grains

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Effects of light, temperature, and rate of desiccation on translucency in wheat grain

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

The effect of genotype and environmental conditions on grain physiochemical properties of Syrian durum wheat cultivars

The effect of genotype and environmental conditions on grain physiochemical properties of Syrian durum wheat cultivars

Effects of climatic factors on grain vitreousness stability and heritability in durum wheat

Bottom-up model for understanding the effects of wheat endosperm microstructure on its mechanical strength

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