Effects of climatic factors on grain vitreousness stability and heritability in durum wheat

Abstract

Modern durum wheat breeding programs are becoming more oriented toward creation of not only high-yield cultivars but also high quality, with good stability for the trait of interest. Vitreousness of grain is associated with semolina granulation, color, and protein content; it is regarded as one of the most important characteristics in the grading industry, affecting the commercial value of the commodity. A set of 15 winter and facultative durum wheat genotypes was tested for grain vitreousness across 6 environments for 2 consecutive years. Three-way analysis of variance showed that genotype, location, and year contributed 4.1%, 20.6%, and 42.2% to the total sum of squares, respectively. Interaction terms, including genotype, contributed 6.1% to the total sum of squares, and location × year contributed 27.0%. Stability of grain vitreousness for the examined breeding lines and cultivars of durum wheat was shown by the site's regression. Broad-sense heritability of grain vitreousness was estimated to be 71%. Climatic variables were used for factorial regression modeling, and most of the interaction term for grain vitreousness was explained by mean temperatures in June (54.4%) and April (14.2%), and precipitation (14.4%) and sunshine hours (14.3%) in March. During the grain filling and grain ripening stages, the most influential climatic variables in explaining interaction were maximum temperature (43.4%), precipitation (30.9%), and sunshine hours (5.6%).

Preliminary Results of the Use of Sowing Time and Variety Choice as Techniques of Adaptability of Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) to Temperature Increases

“…As reported by Brankovic et al [53], the quality parameters of the grain, and especially the vitreousness, are influenced from various environmental factors such as: higher temperature for 43.4%, low precipitation for 30.9%, and sunshine hours for 5.6% during grain filling and ripening. In our research, the percentage of vitreous kernels had been always higher than 91%, with the maximum value (96.5%) for the OS-Mix plants grown in higher temperature conditions.…”

Effect of genotype by environment interactions on quality parameters and grain yield of durum wheat

“…It is directly related to protein content (Sieber et al 2015). These results would probably be linked to the effects of the environment, that is to say, climatic conditions such as rainfall and cultivation techniques, among others, nitrogen fertilization (Brankovic et al 2014). Indeed, this phenomenon could only be explained by the close dependence of the genotype x environment interaction, which would involve resistance genes that would be inhibited or activated depending on the environmental conditions, which joins the results of Lullien-Pellerin (2020).…”

Responses of Wheat Protein Content and Protein Yield to Future Climate Change in China during 2041–2060

“…Pan et al [47] used stepwise regression analysis to explore the effect of sunshine hours and precipitation on wheat PC and indicated that the post-anthesis total sunshine hours contributed to the increase of wheat PC. Brankovic et al [53] indicated that sunshine hours in March affect wheat PC. Relative humidity had a significant negative correlation (−0.315) with wheat PC, and the combined effect of high temperature and high humidity has had a significant impact on wheat production [54].…”