Effects of Levamisole on Phagocytic Activity of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.)

Abstract

I s p i r U . , M . E . Yo n a r : Effects of Levamisole on Phagocytic Activity of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.). Acta Vet. Brno 2007, 76: 493-497. In this study, activation of phagocytic cells was examined in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W.) exposed to 1, 5 and 10 µg·ml -1 concentrations of levamisole solution. For this purpose, blood samples were taken from fish on days 1, 7 and 14 of exposure. Potential killing activity was determined by measuring oxidative radical production and phagocytic activity of neutrophils and superoxide anion production of phagocytic cells against Y. ruckeri. The activity of phagocytic cells in fish exposed to each of three concentrations was found higher than that in controls and the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Although no activation in oxidative radical production, phagocytes and bactericidal killing activity in fish exposed to 5 and 10 µg·ml -1 concentrations of levamisole solution was determined on day 7, it was observed that all indicators increased on day 14 of exposure. The present results suggest that the application of levamisole in fish farms could increase non-specific immunity and resistance to infection of fish and offer economics benefits.

In vitro effect of Levamisole on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) peripheral blood mononuclear cells

“…The effect of levamisole on NCCs has been reported in various fi sh species (Findlay & Munday 2000;Cuesta et al 2002;Choi 2004), including rainbow trout (Kajita et al 1990;Ispir & Yonar 2007). Our results show a signifi cant increase of trout NCCs activity stimulated in vitro for 24 h with 1 μg/ml levamisole (Fig.…”

“…Also, Li et al (2004) reported an in vitro decrease in ROS production in the hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops and Morone saxatilis) after treatment with 1000 μg/ml levamisole for 24 h, a tenfold increase if compared with the highest dose studied in this work. These results suggest that in vitro treatment with levamisole does not produce the same increase in ROS production by macrophages observed in vivo (Kumari & Sahoo 2006;Ispir & Yonar 2007).…”

“…These compounds, being efficient to increase immunocompetency and resistance to infections, have been used in aquaculture, veterinary and human medicine (Sakai 1999). One of these immunostimulating compounds is levamisole (Kajita et al 1990;Findlay & Munday 2000;Ispir & Yonar 2007). It is a synthetic compound originally used as an anti-helminthic livestock and later on its immunostimulating property was demonstrated, leading to its use with this second purpose in veterinary and human medicine (Sakai 1999).…”

“…It is a synthetic compound originally used as an anti-helminthic livestock and later on its immunostimulating property was demonstrated, leading to its use with this second purpose in veterinary and human medicine (Sakai 1999). In the aquaculture industry, it is used to increase defensive responses in fish (Findlay & Munday 2000;Ispir & Yonar 2007). In vivo results have shown its positive effect on the innate and adaptive responses (Cuesta et al 2002;Kumari & Sahoo 2006;Ispir & Yonar 2007;Maqsood et al 2009).…”

“…In the aquaculture industry, it is used to increase defensive responses in fish (Findlay & Munday 2000;Ispir & Yonar 2007). In vivo results have shown its positive effect on the innate and adaptive responses (Cuesta et al 2002;Kumari & Sahoo 2006;Ispir & Yonar 2007;Maqsood et al 2009). …”