Effects of late quaternary climate change on <scp>P</scp>alearctic shrews

Prost, Stefan; Klietmann, Johannes; Kolfschoten, Thijs van; Guralnick, Robert; Waltari, Eric; Vrieling, Klaas; Stiller, Mathias; Nagel, Doris; Rabeder, Gernot; Hofreiter, Michael; Sommer, Robert S.

doi:10.1111/gcb.12153

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Ecological niche modelling and ancient DNA analysis indicate that S . tundrensis was widely distributed also across Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum [98]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary history and phylogeographic relationships of shrews from Sorex araneus group

et al. 2017

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Shrews of the Sorex genus are an evolutionarily successful group that includes more than 77 species widely distributed in Eurasia and North America. The genus is one of the rare cases where karyotypic changes reflect well the evolutionary relationships among its species. The taxa showing the greatest variation in karyotype are usually classified into the Sorex araneus group. Its evolution was associated with chromosomal rearrangements, which could have promoted fast diversification of this group into many chromosomal races and species. These processes were additionally complicated by introgressions of mitochondrial DNA, which made the evolutionary history of this group quite complex and difficult to infer. To tackle the problem, we performed multi-method phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial cytochrome b that is considered a good molecular marker available for many representatives of Sorex. The results were compared with phylogenies based on chromosomal rearrangement data and put into temporal and spatial context using molecular dating and historical biogeography methods. We complemented the study with the estimation of diversification rates within the S. araneus group as well as comparing the results with paleontological records and climatic oscillations within the last 4 million years. Based on the gathered data, we proposed a hypothetical scenario for the evolution and geographic dispersion of species belonging to the S. araneus group. The shrews began to diversify about 2.7 million years ago in Eurasia and then migrated at least twice to North America. The evolution of shrews was driven by Pleistocene glacial and interglacial cycles, which increased their speciation rate and the emergence of new lineages. The migrations of populations were accompanied by introgressions of mitochondrial DNA into native shrews and occurred at least twice.

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“…Ecological niche modelling and ancient DNA analysis indicate that S . tundrensis was widely distributed also across Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum [98]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary history and phylogeographic relationships of shrews from Sorex araneus group

et al. 2017

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“…This concept is nowadays essential to understand biogeographical patterns and processes (Soberón 2007, Wiens et al 2010). If climate change dynamics alter the spatial configuration of the environmental conditions experienced by each organism beyond ecological niche limits, species can respond to such changes by means of behavioral accommodation, ecophenotypic modifications (non-genetic), adaptation, migration and ultimately extinction (Lister 1997, Davis et al 2005, Stewart 2009, Prost et al 2013). While adaptation is undoubtedly a possible response of species to changing environmental conditions, there is also increasing evidence on the relevance of phylogenetic niche conservatism processes on the geographic distribution of species (Wiens and Graham 2005).…”

Section: : 607-621 2018mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternary refugia are associated with higher speciation rates in mammalian faunas of the Western Palaearctic

et al. 2017

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Quaternary climate changes have contributed to shape the biogeographic distribution of extant species. The combination of climatic niche conservatism and glacial‐interglacial cycles forced many species to retract their range limits for surviving under the advance of Pleistocene ice‐sheets. Refugia offered geographical opportunities for species to retreat, persist and, later on, begin recolonization processes under favourable environmental conditions. Here we explore the hypothesis that refugia have been not only crucial for the survival of multiple species but also acted as speciation centres for Western Palaearctic mammals. We define ‘recurrent massive refugia’ as those geographical regions that have historically accumulated the highest levels of co‐occurring species for several Quaternary cycles. Our assemblage‐level analyses identify the existence of refugia within the Iberian Peninsula and the Atlantic French margin that were recurrently selected by most mammals. The topographic heterogeneity, climatic stability and microhabitat availability of these refugial areas may have offered suitable habitat conditions for multiple species during different climatic events over time. Using a Bayesian analysis of macroevolutionary mixtures we detected that the higher level of divergence and accumulative evolutionary changes in mammals of the Western Palaearctic are found in refugia. The continuous retractions and expansions of species’ ranges during the Pleistocene promoted temporal changes in the composition and richness of communities in this biogeographic region. The reorganization of ecological composition driven by cyclical climatic events may have favoured the emergence of biotic interactions and ecological responses conducive to novel selective pressures. Our findings suggest, first, that multiple climatic changes in the form of glacial‐interglacial transitions during the Quaternary have left a detectable imprint on the observed geographical patterns of species richness in mammalian faunas of the Western Palaearctic, and second, highlight the importance of refugia for the preservation of species (‘museums’) and as centers of speciation and endemism (‘cradles’) as well.

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“…Diese großen Individuen stammten aus Populationen, die sich besonders den ökologischen Bedingungen der zuende gehenden Eiszeit angepasst hatten. Nachdem die Weichsel‐Eiszeit vorbei war, starben diese Populationen komplett aus [5].…”

Section: Paläoklima Und Biodiversitätunclassified

Paläoklima: Knochen weisen den Weg

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Biologie in unserer Zeit

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Während der letzten Eiszeit (Weichsel) und auch im heutigen Holozän gab es eine Vielzahl von zum Teil sehr schnellen und drastischen Klimaschwankungen. Die Muster an biologischer Vielfalt, die wir sie heute beispielsweise in der nordeuropäischen Tiefebene finden, tragen eine deutliche Signatur der Vergangenheit. Mit Hilfe von verschiedenen wissenschaftlichen Methoden aus dem Bereich der Bio‐ und Geowissenschaften ist es möglich, Wechselwirkungen von Jahrtausende zurückliegenden Prozessen wie Klimaveränderungen, Ausbreitung oder Aussterben von Arten und Veränderungen der Ökosysteme zu untersuchen und zu verstehen. Dabei können die Fundmuster von subfossilen Knochenablagerungen der Arten, alte DNA oder stabile Isotope aus Knochen sehr hilfreiche Methodenbausteine sein, um die Vergangenheit zu entschlüsseln. Ein Blick in die Paläoökologie zeigt, wie es zur Zusammensetzung unserer heutigen Fauna gekommen ist und was in Zukunft passieren könnte.

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Effects of late quaternary climate change on Palearctic shrews

Cited by 27 publications

References 64 publications

Evolutionary history and phylogeographic relationships of shrews from Sorex araneus group

Evolutionary history and phylogeographic relationships of shrews from Sorex araneus group

Quaternary refugia are associated with higher speciation rates in mammalian faunas of the Western Palaearctic

Paläoklima: Knochen weisen den Weg

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