Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus on Pituitary-thyroid Axis in Growing Rat

Alqayim, Majida A.J.

doi:10.14737/journal.aavs/2015/3.5.269.275

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 24 publications

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“…(1)(2)(3). Hypothyroidism is either thyroid dysgenesis or dyshormogenesis (4)(5)(6). Reduction in circulating thyroid hormones slows cell metabolism and growth (7,8); memory impairment, and neurological disorder in dogs (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Selenium and Levothyroxine on the Immune System of Hypothyroid Rats

M. Sabea,

A. Al-Qaiym

2024

JFacMedBagdad

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Background: The immune system and thyroid hormones have an inverse relationship, but both thyroid hormones and selenium play a crucial role in the immune system. However, when the levels of thyroid hormones decrease (known as hypothyroidism), their effect on immune system cells and their relationship with selenium supplements in the body are not well understood. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of Se-nanoparticles on thyroid hormones and the blastogenic response of lymphocytes in various lymphoid tissues in rats with hypothyroidism. Methods: A group of female Wister rats aged three to four months were randomly placed into five groups (each group has 6 rats) and were given a basal diet on a daily basis. However, the daily water supply given to each group was different. The first group was the control group and received normal water, while the other four groups were given 0.02% methimazole in their drinking water every day for four weeks to induce hypothyroidism. Once the hypothyroidism was confirmed, the 3rd, 4th, and 5th experimental groups were given one of the following three treatments for four weeks, respectively: SC-SeNPs (0.1mg selenium per kg per day) as T1, Levothyroxine (0.9μg per 100g per day) as T2, or SC-SeNPs (0.1 mg selenium per kg per day) and Levothyroxine (0.9μg per 100g per day) as T3. In the end, blood samples were collected from euthanized animals using a high dose of anesthesia, and lymphoid tissue samples (spleen, Peyer’s patches and mesenteric lymph node) were preserved in 10% formalin. Results: Our research has revealed that IgG, a humoral immunity marker, was found to be significantly decreased in hypothyroidism. However, when treated with levothyroxine alone or in combination with Sc-SeNPs, the level of cellular immunity marker, IL-6, was found to be significantly increased in hypothyroidism when compared to the control group. Additionally, we observed histopathological changes in the lymphoid tissue of hypothyroidism rats, which included depletion of the white pulp of spleen with congestion in the blood vessels, a decrease in the lymphoid follicle of Peyer’s patches, and a decrease in the primary and secondary follicles of the mesenteric lymph nodes . Conclusion: Thyroid hormones play a role in regulating innate and adaptive immunity. The combination of selenium with levothyroxine is the most effective treatment for hypothyroidism and improving the activity of the immune system cells .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Selenium and Levothyroxine on the Immune System of Hypothyroid Rats

M. Sabea,

A. Al-Qaiym

2024

JFacMedBagdad

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Modulating gut microbiota in a mouse model of Graves’ orbitopathy and its impact on induced disease

et al. 2021

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Background Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune condition in which autoantibodies to the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) cause hyperthyroidism. About 50% of GD patients also have Graves’ orbitopathy (GO), an intractable disease in which expansion of the orbital contents causes diplopia, proptosis and even blindness. Murine models of GD/GO, developed in different centres, demonstrated significant variation in gut microbiota composition which correlated with TSHR-induced disease heterogeneity. To investigate whether correlation indicates causation, we modified the gut microbiota to determine whether it has a role in thyroid autoimmunity. Female BALB/c mice were treated with either vancomycin, probiotic bacteria, human fecal material transfer (hFMT) from patients with severe GO or ddH2O from birth to immunization with TSHR-A subunit or beta-galactosidase (βgal; age ~ 6 weeks). Incidence and severity of GD (TSHR autoantibodies, thyroid histology, thyroxine level) and GO (orbital fat and muscle histology), lymphocyte phenotype, cytokine profile and gut microbiota were analysed at sacrifice (~ 22 weeks). Results In ddH2O-TSHR mice, 84% had pathological autoantibodies, 67% elevated thyroxine, 77% hyperplastic thyroids and 70% orbital pathology. Firmicutes were increased, and Bacteroidetes reduced relative to ddH2O-βgal; CCL5 was increased. The random forest algorithm at the genus level predicted vancomycin treatment with 100% accuracy but 74% and 70% for hFMT and probiotic, respectively. Vancomycin significantly reduced gut microbiota richness and diversity compared with all other groups; the incidence and severity of both GD and GO also decreased; reduced orbital pathology correlated positively with Akkermansia spp. whilst IL-4 levels increased. Mice receiving hFMT initially inherited their GO donors’ microbiota, and the severity of induced GD increased, as did the orbital brown adipose tissue volume in TSHR mice. Furthermore, genus Bacteroides, which is reduced in GD patients, was significantly increased by vancomycin but reduced in hFMT-treated mice. Probiotic treatment significantly increased CD25+ Treg cells in orbital draining lymph nodes but exacerbated induced autoimmune hyperthyroidism and GO. Conclusions These results strongly support a role for the gut microbiota in TSHR-induced disease. Whilst changes to the gut microbiota have a profound effect on quantifiable GD endocrine and immune factors, the impact on GO cellular changes is more nuanced. The findings have translational potential for novel, improved treatments.

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Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus on Pituitary-thyroid Axis in Growing Rat

Cited by 2 publications

References 24 publications

The Impact of Selenium and Levothyroxine on the Immune System of Hypothyroid Rats

The Impact of Selenium and Levothyroxine on the Immune System of Hypothyroid Rats

Modulating gut microbiota in a mouse model of Graves’ orbitopathy and its impact on induced disease

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