Effects of l-glutamine supplementation on maternal and fetal hemodynamics in gestating ewes exposed to alcohol

Sawant, Onkar B.; Ramadoss, Jayanth; Hankins, Gary D.V.; Wu, Guoyao; Washburn, Shannon E.

doi:10.1007/s00726-014-1751-x

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…This result suggests a reduction in oxidative stress in response to glutamine supplementation. Similarly, numerous well-designed investigations have consistently indicated that glutamine increases anti-oxidative capacity in mice (Ren et al 2014b;Cruzat et al 2014), rats (Xu et al 2014), pigs (Wu et al 2011b(Wu et al , 2013cWang et al 2008), and sheep (Sawant et al 2014;Washburn et al 2013). Furthermore, we found that dietary supplementation with 0.5 % glutamine decreased the expression of virulence factors of P. multocida, as we previously reported (Ren et al 2013e).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Effects of dietary l-glutamine supplementation on specific and general defense responses in mice immunized with inactivated Pasteurella multocida vaccine

et al. 2014

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Little is known about effects of dietary glutamine supplementation on specific and general defense responses in a vaccine-immunized animal model. Thus, this study determined roles for dietary glutamine supplementation in specific and general defense responses in mice immunized with inactivated Pasteurella multocida vaccine. The measured variables included: (1) the production of pathogen-specific antibodies; (2) mRNA levels for pro-inflammatory cytokines, toll-like receptors and anti-oxidative factors; and (3) the distribution of P. multocida in tissues and the expression of its major virulence factors in vivo. Dietary supplementation with 0.5 % glutamine had a better protective role than 1 or 2 % glutamine against P. multocida infection in vaccine-immunized mice, at least partly resulting from its effects in modulation of general defense responses. Dietary glutamine supplementation had little effects on the production of P. multocida-specific antibodies. Compared to the non-supplemented group, dietary supplementation with 0.5 % glutamine had no effect on bacterial burden in vivo but decreased the expression of major virulence factors in the spleen. Collectively, supplementing 0.5 % glutamine to a conventional diet provides benefits in vaccine-immunized mice by enhancing general defense responses and decreasing expression of specific virulence factors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Effects of dietary l-glutamine supplementation on specific and general defense responses in mice immunized with inactivated Pasteurella multocida vaccine

et al. 2014

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“…We can deduce using Poiseuille's equation that resistance is inversely proportional to the radius to the fourth power, and thus changes in diameter observed in our study can lead to large significant decreases in uterine blood flow. These data are consistent with previous reports demonstrating ~40% decrease in uterine blood flow (UBF) following chronic binge alcohol exposure in sheep (Sawant, Ramadoss, Hankins, Wu, & Washburn, 2014). Chronic alcohol-induced UBF decrease of about ~40% would lead to a reduction in the uterine artery radius to normalize the shear, as noted in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Chronic binge alcohol consumption during pregnancy alters rat maternal uterine artery pressure response

Naik

Lunde-Young

Davis-Anderson

et al. 2016

Alcohol

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We aimed to investigate pressure-dependent maternal uterine artery responses and vessel remodeling following gestational binge alcohol exposure. Two groups of pregnant rats were used: the alcohol group (28.5% wt/v, 6.0 g/kg, once-daily orogastric gavage in a binge paradigm between gestational day (GD) 5–19) and pair-fed controls (isocalorically matched). On GD20, excised, pressurized primary uterine arteries were studied following equilibration (60 mm Hg) using dual chamber arteriograph. The uterine artery diameter stabilized at 20 mm Hg, showed passive distension at 40 mm Hg, and redeveloped tone at 60 mm Hg. An alcohol effect (P=0.0025) was observed on the percent constriction of vessel diameter with greater pressure-dependent myogenic constriction. Similar alcohol effect was noted with lumen diameter response (P=0.0020). The percent change in media:lumen ratio was higher in the alcohol group (P<0.0001). Thus, gestational alcohol affects pressure-induced uterine artery reactivity, inward-hypotrophic remodeling, and adaptations critical for nutrient delivery to the fetus.

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“…Recently, it has been reported that administration of alcohol to pregnant ewes led to a 21-30 % reduction in the plasma concentrations of glutamine and related amino acids, Furthermore, acute administration of glutamine to ewes, together with alcohol administration, was able to improve the profile of most amino acids (including citrulline and arginine) in both maternal and fetal plasma (Washburn et al 2013). L-Glutamine supplementation is able to mitigate the alcohol-induced acid-base imbalances and the alterations of the fetal regional brain blood flow (Sawant et al 2014).…”

Section: Glutamate/glutamine and Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutamate–glutamine cycle and exchange in the placenta–fetus unit during late pregnancy

Xie

Zhang

et al. 2014

Amino Acids

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The present review focuses on the physiological functions of glutamate-glutamine exchange involving placental amino acid transport and umbilical amino acid uptake in mammals (particularly in sows), with special emphasis on the associated regulating mechanisms. Glutamate plus glutamine are among the most abundant and the most utilized amino acids in fetus during late gestation. During pregnancy, amino acids, notably as precursors of macromolecules including proteins and nucleotides are involved in fetal development and growth. Amino acid concentrations in fetus are generally higher than in the mother. Among amino acids, the transport and metabolism of glutamate and glutamine during fetal development exhibit characteristics that clearly emphasize the importance of the interaction between the placenta and the fetal liver. Glutamate is quite remarkable among amino acids, which originate from the placenta, and is cleared from fetal plasma. In addition, the flux of glutamate through the placenta from the fetal plasma is highly correlated with the umbilical glutamate delivery rate. Glutamine plays a central role in fetal carbon and nitrogen metabolism and exhibits one of the highest fetal/maternal plasma ratio among all amino acids in human and other mammals. Glutamate is taken up by placenta from the fetal circulation and then converted to glutamine before being released back into the fetal circulation. Works are required on the glutamate-glutamine metabolism during late pregnancy in physiological and pathophysiological situations since such works may help to improve fetal growth and development both in humans and other mammals. Indeed, glutamine supplementation appears to ameliorate fetal growth retardation in sows and reduces preweaning mortality of piglets.

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Effects of l-glutamine supplementation on maternal and fetal hemodynamics in gestating ewes exposed to alcohol

Cited by 20 publications

References 105 publications

Effects of dietary l-glutamine supplementation on specific and general defense responses in mice immunized with inactivated Pasteurella multocida vaccine

Effects of dietary l-glutamine supplementation on specific and general defense responses in mice immunized with inactivated Pasteurella multocida vaccine

Chronic binge alcohol consumption during pregnancy alters rat maternal uterine artery pressure response

Glutamate–glutamine cycle and exchange in the placenta–fetus unit during late pregnancy

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