Effects of isotemporal substitution of sedentary behavior with light-intensity or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on cardiometabolic markers in male adolescents

Abstract

Increasing prevalence of sedentary behavior (SB) combined with low levels of physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents has become a growing public health concern. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the daily behavioral pattern of adolescents and examine the isotemporal substitution effects of SB with light-intensity PA (LIPA) or moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) on cardiometabolic markers. In this cross-sectional study, the daily behavioral pattern of Brazilian male adolescents was objectively measured for 7 days. Vector magnitude activity counts were used to estimate SB, LIPA, and MVPA with cut-points specifically validated for youth. The isotemporal substitution model was used to assess the effects of replacing different SB bouts (5, 10, 30, and 60 min) with LIPA or MVPA on cardiometabolic markers [body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage (BF%), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-S), beta cell function (HOMA2-β), systolic-blood pressure (SBP), diastolic-blood pressure, and cardiometabolic risk score]. Male adolescents (n = 84; age, 16.7 ± 0.9 years) wore the GT3X+ for 6.7 ± 0.6 days, during 15.2 ± 2.3 h, and spent 72.9% of the time in SB, 17.3% in LIPA, and 9.8% in MVPA. SB replacement with LIPA was associated with increased HDL-C, TG, HOMA2-IR, and HOMA2-S and decreased SBP. In contrast, SB replacement with MVPA was associated with decreased BF%. Therefore, our findings suggest that replacing SB with LIPA showed positive results on HDL-C, HOMA2-S and SBP, while replacing SB with MVPA was associated with only one obesity indicator (BF%). Moreover, participants met the daily MVPA recommendations, but they still had a daily behavioral pattern with high SB. In this context, LIPAs can be considered an effective alternative to reduce SB and improve the health indicators of this population.

Relationship of Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Metabolic Health in Children and Adolescents Measured by Accelerometer: A Narrative Review

“…In the Moura et al study [45], replacing 5-60 min SED with LPA showed positive effects on SBP. However, this result was not significant for any bouts of MVPA.…”

“…Recent research has strengthened the evidence for the association between ISM and metabolic health, as seen in eight cross-sectional studies included in Table 1. Among these studies, seven examined obesity indicators [36,37,39,42,[44][45][46], three studied BP [39,44,45], and five examined blood lipid indicators and glucose-related indicators [39,[44][45][46]52].…”

“…Moura et al [45] objectively measured Brazilian male adolescents' daily behavioral patterns for 7 days using ActiGraph. ISM was used to evaluate the effects of time reallocating various sedentary bouts (5, 10, 30, and 60 min) with LPA or MVPA on BMI, WC, and %BF.…”

Isotemporal Substitution Analysis of Accelerometer-Derived Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity on Cardiometabolic Health in Korean Adults: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

“…On the other hand, replacing 30 min of MVPA with sedentary behavior or other types of activities was associated with a 14–17% elevation of cardiometabolic risk. Several previous studies on accelerometer-derived sedentary behavior and physical activity have described the potential effects of replacing sedentary behavior with an equal amount of light intensity activity or lifestyle activity (in other words, breaking sitting time or increasing standing time) to improve health [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. Indeed, many epidemiological studies suggest that reduction in sedentary behavior may have a beneficial effect on health promotion independent of time spent on MVPA [ 12 , 15 , 20 , 32 ].…”

“…One accelerometer-based study reported that replacing sedentary behavior with physical activity was associated with cardiometabolic health in older adults [ 37 ]. Another study noted the effects of isotemporal substitution of sedentary behavior with light intensity or MVPA on cardiometabolic markers in male adolescents [ 38 ]. Moreover, most of these studies have described a consistent relationship that replacing MVPA with sedentary behavior or light intensity activity could have a harmful effect on cardiometabolic health.…”