Effects of Iron on Physical and Mechanical Properties, and Osteoblast Cell Interaction in β-Tricalcium Phosphate

Abstract

Iron (Fe) is a vital element and its deficiency causes abnormal bone metabolism. We investigated the effects of Fe and its concentration in β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) on physicomechanical properties and in vitro proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Our results showed that Fe addition at concentrations of 0.5 wt. % (0.5 Fe-TCP) and 1.0 wt. % (1.0 Fe-TCP) inhibits the β-TCP to α-TCP phase transformation at sintering temperature of 1250 °C. Addition of 0.25 wt. % Fe (0.25 Fe-TCP) increased the compressive strength of β-TCP from 167.27±16.2 MPa to 227.10±19.3 MPa. After 3 days of culture, surfaces of 0.5 Fe-TCP and 1.0 Fe-TCP samples were covered by osteoblast cells, compared to that of pure and 0.25 Fe-TCP. Cells grew to confluency on all Fe-doped samples after 7 days of culture and monolayer sheetlike cellular structure was found at 11 days. Optical cell density and alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly higher on Fe-doped samples and the highest values were found in 0.5 Fe-TCP samples. Our results show that Fe concentration had significant effect on physical and mechanical properties of TCP ceramics, and also on the in vitro osteoblast cellular interactions in TCP ceramics.

Hyperthermia effect and antibacterial efficacy of Fe3+/Co2+ co‐substitutions in β‐Ca3(PO4)2 for bone cancer and defect therapy

“…Cobalt concentrations of CPCo3, CPCo4, and CPCo5 in the range of 7.50, 10.00, and 12.50 mol % elicits significant toxicity that shows good corroboration with the earlier report . Cytocompatibility of iron with human osteoblast cell line is investigated by several researchers . In our previous work, it is determined that a maximum of 12.5 mol % substitution of Fe 3+ in β ‐Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 induces only negligible toxicity on MG‐63 cell line .…”

“…30,62,63,65 Cytocompatibility of iron with human osteoblast cell line is investigated by several researchers. 66,67 In our previous work, it is determined that a maximum of 12.5 mol % substitution of Fe 31 in b-Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 induces only negligible toxicity on MG-63 cell line. 34 MTT assay results of Fe 31 /Co 21 co-substitutions demonstrate an overall reduction in toxic behavior on comparison with the Co 21 only substitutions.…”

Nanostructured Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration

“…Similar to Fe-doped HA, Fe-doped TCP stabilized the β-TCP phase, and osteoblasts showed enhanced cell adhesion to doped-TCP relative to pure TCP (Vahabzadeh and Bose, 2017). Moreover, cell proliferation was reportedly enhanced in TCP doped with other ions, such as Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Sr 2+ , and Li + (Vahabzadeh and Bose, 2017). Using these ceramic phases, numerous types of nanostructured 3D scaffolds (and bone cements) have been prepared through a variety of ways, including dry methods, wet methods, and high temperature methods (Sadat-Shojai et al, 2013).…”

“…For example, Mg-doped β-TCP and Sr-doped β-TCP-based materials have shown improved bone healing through accelerated osteogenesis and angiogenesis in a large animal model (Bose et al, 2011;Tarafder et al, 2015), with improved mechanical strength compared to the pure TCP scaffolds (Tarafder et al, 2015). Similar to Fe-doped HA, Fe-doped TCP stabilized the β-TCP phase, and osteoblasts showed enhanced cell adhesion to doped-TCP relative to pure TCP (Vahabzadeh and Bose, 2017). Moreover, cell proliferation was reportedly enhanced in TCP doped with other ions, such as Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Sr 2+ , and Li + (Vahabzadeh and Bose, 2017).…”

Preparation and Characterization of Iron-Doped Tricalcium Silicate-Based Bone Cement as a Bone Repair Material

“…Bone cements have excellent prospects for bone repair, but there are also many deficiencies, such as limited mechanical strength and biological activity. At the same time, better degradation rates, suitable setting time and porosity and mineralization capabilities are also problems that need to be further studied and solved in bone cement materials [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. In addition, enhancing the osteogenic ability of bone cement materials to accelerate bone healing can improve the repair effect of bone defects, which is of great significance in clinic.…”