Effects of iron and zinc fortified milk supplementation on working memory of underweight poor-urban school children: A randomized double blind controlled trial

Nugroho, Hari Wahyu; Lestari, Eny; Salimo, Harsono; Mayasari, Dewi; Adhim, Zusta'in Noor; Lestarina, Leilani

doi:10.14238/pi50.2.2010.92-95

Cited by 3 publications

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“…These outcomes were reported by studies using dual and multi MN strategies (often iron fortification in combination with zinc, iodine, vitamin A and other MN). Eight studies provided information about cognitive tests and functional measures [29, 35, 36, 41, 44, 45, 48, 49]. Here we report only on results based on validated cognitive test batteries and not on anecdotal information about cognitive performance to increase validity of results.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health effects of micronutrient fortified dairy products and cereal food for children and adolescents: A systematic review

et al. 2019

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IntroductionMicronutrient (MN) deficiencies cause a considerable burden of disease for children in many countries. Dairy products or cereals are an important food component during adolescence. Fortification of dairy products or cereals with MN may be an effective strategy to overcome MN deficiencies, but their specific impact on health in this age group is poorly documented.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis (registration number CRD42016039554) to assess the impact of MN fortified dairy products and cereal food on the health of children and adolescents (aged 5–15 years) compared with non-fortified food. We reviewed randomised controlled trials (RCT) using electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library; latest search: January 2018), reference list screening and citation searches. Three pairs of reviewers assessed 2048 studies for eligibility and extracted data. We assessed the risk of bias and applied GRADE to rate quality of evidence.ResultsWe included 24 RCT (often multi MN fortification) with 30 pair-wise comparisons mainly from low- and middle income countries. A very small and non-significant increase of haemoglobin values emerged (0.09 g/dl [95%-CI: -0.01 to 0.18]; 13 RCT with iron fortification; very low quality of evidence). No significant difference was found on anaemia risk (risk ratio 0.87 [95%-CI: 0.76 to 1.01]; 12 RCT; very low quality), but a significant difference in iron deficiency anaemia favouring fortified food was found (risk ratio 0.38 [95%-CI: 0.18 to 0.81]; 5 RCT; very low quality). Similar effects were seen for fortified dairy products and cereals and different fortification strategies (mono- vs. dual- vs. multi-MN). Follow-up periods were often short and the impact on anthropometric measures was weak (low quality of evidence) Very low quality of evidence emerged for the improvement of cognitive performance, functional measures and morbidity.ConclusionsFortification of dairy products and cereal food had only marginal health effects in our sample population from 5–15 years. Further evidence is needed to better understand the health impact of fortified dairy products and cereals in this age group.Systematic review registrationThe study protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 26 May 2016 (registration number CRD42016039554).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health effects of micronutrient fortified dairy products and cereal food for children and adolescents: A systematic review

et al. 2019

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“…Of these, 121 [25-145] studies were on infants and children and 79 [146-224] were on women, while one study had both women and children as their study population [33] (Figure 2). Furthermore 125 [25-28,30,32-39,41-44,47,48,51,53],[54,56,59,60,62,63,65-73,75-77],[81-83,85,86,88-90,92,93,95-104,107-109],[111-117,119-127,129,130,132-136,139-144,223,225-228] of these trials were RCTs; the rest were quasi-experimental [46,55,61,74,78,87,91] and before-after studies [29,31,40,45,49,50,52,57],[58,79,80,84,94,95,105,131],[137,138,149,150,153,157,159-169,172],[174,177,181,183-186,189-191,193,195-…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Food vehicles chosen varied for each micronutrient fortification and are described in detail in the relevant section. For the 125 RCTs included in this review, randomization and allocation concealment were adequate in 41 of the studies [33-37,56,60,63,65,68,69,72],[75,77,83,88,92,97,99,101],[103,107,108,112,113,115,116,122],[125,127,132,135,139,140,142,143],[146,147,188,214,217], information regarding attrition rates was adequately discussed with reasons in 110 studies [33-39,41-44,47,48,51,53,54,56],[59,60,62,63,65,67-73,75-77,81-83],[85,86,88-90,92,93,96-104,107-109,111-117],[119-127,129,130,132-136,139-144,171,173,175],[176,178-180,182,187,188,192,194,201],[…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Micronutrient fortification of food and its impact on woman and child health: a systematic review

2013

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BackgroundVitamins and minerals are essential for growth and metabolism. The World Health Organization estimates that more than 2 billion people are deficient in key vitamins and minerals. Groups most vulnerable to these micronutrient deficiencies are pregnant and lactating women and young children, given their increased demands. Food fortification is one of the strategies that has been used safely and effectively to prevent vitamin and mineral deficiencies.MethodsA comprehensive search was done to identify all available evidence for the impact of fortification interventions. Studies were included if food was fortified with a single, dual or multiple micronutrients and impact of fortification was analyzed on the health outcomes and relevant biochemical indicators of women and children. We performed a meta-analysis of outcomes using Review Manager Software version 5.1.ResultsOur systematic review identified 201 studies that we reviewed for outcomes of relevance. Fortification for children showed significant impacts on increasing serum micronutrient concentrations. Hematologic markers also improved, including hemoglobin concentrations, which showed a significant rise when food was fortified with vitamin A, iron and multiple micronutrients. Fortification with zinc had no significant adverse impact on hemoglobin levels. Multiple micronutrient fortification showed non-significant impacts on height for age, weight for age and weight for height Z-scores, although they showed positive trends. The results for fortification in women showed that calcium and vitamin D fortification had significant impacts in the post-menopausal age group. Iron fortification led to a significant increase in serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels in women of reproductive age and pregnant women. Folate fortification significantly reduced the incidence of congenital abnormalities like neural tube defects without increasing the incidence of twinning. The number of studies pooled for zinc and multiple micronutrients for women were few, though the evidence suggested benefit. There was a dearth of evidence for the impact of fortification strategies on morbidity and mortality outcomes in women and children.ConclusionFortification is potentially an effective strategy but evidence from the developing world is scarce. Programs need to assess the direct impact of fortification on morbidity and mortality.

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“…This is the review of 11 studies concerning growth and development of children namely on improving growth (Lestari, Lilisianawati, Bardosono, Lestarina, & Salimo, 2012), working memory (Nugroho, Lestari, Salimo, Dewi, Adhim, & Lestarina, 2010), growth velocity (Lyfia, Deliana, Hakimi, Rosdiana, & Lubis, 2009), cognitive outcome (Setyorini, Umboh, & Haksari, 2010), development delay (Iskandar, 2010), language and visual motor (Samsudin, 2009), obesity (Laila, 2012) academic achievement (Pardede, Windiastuti, & Tridjja, 2009), language development (Yuridyah, Soedjatmiko, & Sastroasmoro, 2009), language development (Rano, 2009) and cognitive intelligence (Montolalu, Tangkilisan, & Nelly, 2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Application of IQF in Several Studies on Growth-Development of Children

Lapau¹

2015

JPR

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IQF is Indonesian Qualification Framework consisting of 9 levels of competence. The competence as described in Master and Doctoral thesis are equivalent to the 8th and 9th levels of IQF. Their competences are (1) to develop scientific knowledge producing innovative work for Master degree, and original or creative work for Doctoral degree; and (2) to solve the problem of science through inter or multi discipline for Master degree, and inter, multi and trans discipline for Doctoral degree. The objective of this review is to identify how far the results of several studies on growth and development of children published in Scientific Journal describe the competence of researchers in the application of the 8th and/or 9th levels of IQF. To fulfil the competence, the researcher should conduct systematic study in term of continuation of thinking starting from title, objective, methods (type of design, population and sample, and data analysis), results, discussion on quality and accuracy of data, causal relationship, implication, conclusion of study followed by recommendation and suggestion. The implication uses the result of causal relationship directed to conclusion and recommendation. Conclusion contains development of knowledge, while recommendation contains how to solve the finding problems. Based on the recommendation, suggestion is formulated through inter, multi discipline producing innovative work for Master degree, and through inter, multi and trans discipline producing creative and original work for Doctoral degree. Eleven studies on growth-development of children published in scientific journal were reviewed, one or more of them indicate (1) The type of design is not relevant to objective of study; (2) There was no statement of population and sample; (3) Calculation of sample size was not based on the type of design; and (4) there was no discussion on quality and accuracy of data, causal relationship and implication of study. As a conclusion, IQF has not been applied fully, because of problem in research methods, which link with IQF. Hopefully, the readers are stimulated to attempt how they have competence according to the level 8 or 9 of IQF.

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Effects of iron and zinc fortified milk supplementation on working memory of underweight poor-urban school children: A randomized double blind controlled trial

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Health effects of micronutrient fortified dairy products and cereal food for children and adolescents: A systematic review

Health effects of micronutrient fortified dairy products and cereal food for children and adolescents: A systematic review

Micronutrient fortification of food and its impact on woman and child health: a systematic review

Review of the Application of IQF in Several Studies on Growth-Development of Children

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