Effects of ionizing radiations on a pharmaceutical compound, chloramphenicol

Varshney, Lalit; Patel, K.M.

doi:10.1016/0969-806x(94)90064-7

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The effect of ionizing radiation on the physicochemical properties of chloramphenicol was already studied [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The results proved that exposure to ionizing irradiation causes the appearance of radiolysis products, however, none of the authors of the hitherto published works identified all the radiolysis products and determined the safe dose of irradiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

The effect of ionizing radiation on chloramphenicol

Marciniec

Stawny

Kozak

et al. 2006

J Therm Anal Calorim

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of ionizing radiation on the physicochemical properties of chloramphenicol in solid state has been studied. The compound was e-beam irradiated with doses from the range 25-400 kGy and the possible changes were detected in the organoleptic methods (colour, form, odour, solubility and clarity), by SEM observations, X-ray, chromatography (TLC), spectrophotometry (UV, IR, EPR) and thermal (DSC) methods.No significant changes relative to the unirradiated sample were observed as a result of irradiation with the dose of 25 kGy -a standard dose for radiation sterilization, besides free radicals generation. Higher doses were found to produce a change in colour, increase in absorbance (UV), changes in the XRD spectra and appearance of products of radiolysis. The presence of the radiolysis products was confirmed by the TLC method, indirectly by DSC showing a decrease in the melting point from 0.2 to 4.5°C and enthalpy from 3.8 to 23.3 J g -1 , respectively. A linear relationship was obtained between the irradiation dose (25-400 kGy) and the melting point of chloramphenicol, characterised by the correlation coefficient r=0.9968.The EPR signal intensity increased with increasing dose of irradiation and the lifetime of the free radicals was longer than 6 months. No changes were detected in SEM and IR spectra.As follows from our results, the DSC method is most suitable for a fast monitoring of the drugs subjected to sterilization by irradiation as it permits detection of changes occurring even on irradiation with low doses and their quantitative description.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

The effect of ionizing radiation on chloramphenicol

Marciniec

Stawny

Kozak

et al. 2006

J Therm Anal Calorim

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As for other drugs, its irradiation does not modify its activity (Zegota et al, 1994(Zegota et al, , 1995Basly et al, 1997) but causes colour and odour modifications. These modifications are due to the production of new compounds of radiolytic origin (Zeegers et al, 1993;Varshney and Patel, 1994), and which are potentially toxic Bö gl, 1993a,b, 1994). The odour detected in irradiated cefotaxime is related to the production of several malodorous compounds like acetaldehyde or esters (Barbarin et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of residual solvents in the formation of volatile compounds after radiosterilisation of cefotaxime

Barbarin

Rollmann

Tilquin

1999

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Radiation sterilisation is a promising method to sterilise pharmaceutical products. However, this process is accompanied by a modification of odour due to volatile compounds formation. The origin of malodorous compounds produced during solid cefotaxime radiosterilisation has been investigated and several mechanisms are proposed to explain their appearance. Moreover, some quantitative data are given. Analysis of the degradation products was performed using a GC-ITD system with an injection by the static headspace technique. It appeared that some of the radio-induced compounds (such as carbon oxide sulfide and carbon disulfide) came from the degradation of the drug itself, whereas the formation of others required the presence of residual solvents which are volatile impurities already present before irradiation. Acetaldehyde directly came from impurities but the appearance of esters and acetaldehyde O-methyloxime was due to the presence of both cefotaxime and residual solvents together. Thus, the residual solvents play a key role in the radiolysis compounds formation (six of eight require the presence of them) and consequently in the modification of odour as well.

show abstract

“…Gamma radiation; which is a useful, effiencient and economic tool for the sterilization of many samples in their final containers is more actively used nowadays [1][2][3][4][5][6]. High penetrating power, low chemical reactivity, low measurable residues, small temperature rise and fewer variables to control are the advantages of sterilization by irradiation [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%