Effects of Inversion and Negation on Social Inferences from Faces

Santos, Isabel M.; Young, Andrew W.

doi:10.1068/p5278

Cited by 50 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…A full description of the derivation of this set of tasks is available elsewhere (Santos, 2003 ;Hall et al 2004 ;Santos & Young, 2008). In brief, a database of 1000 pictures of faces of nonfamous adults were acquired from media sources and were rated by six volunteer participants on six social dimensions (age, trustworthiness, intelligence, attractiveness, approachability and distinctiveness) using 1-7-point scales.…”

Section: Tests Of Social Judgementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each stimulus was presented for 5 s. Participants were asked by text prompts to make a two-alternative forced-choice judgement on the face relating to age (old or young) in set 1, trustworthiness (very trustworthy or not trustworthy) in set 2, attractiveness (attractive or unattractive) in set 3, intelligence (very intelligent or not intelligent) in set 4, approachability (very approachable or not approachable) in set 5 and distinctiveness (very distinctive or not distinctive) in set 6. A response was considered an error whenever it did not correspond to the categorization of the stimulus derived from the independent ratings (Santos, 2003 ;Hall et al 2004 ;Santos & Young, 2008).…”

Section: Tests Of Social Judgementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deficits in facial, body movement and vocal emotional processing in autism spectrum disorders

et al. 2010

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The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Background. Previous behavioural and neuroimaging studies of emotion processing in autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) have focused on the use of facial stimuli. To date, however, no studies have examined emotion processing in autism across a broad range of social signals.Method. This study addressed this issue by investigating emotion processing in a group of 23 adults with ASD and 23 age-and gender-matched controls. Recognition of basic emotions (' happiness ', ' sadness ', ' anger ', disgust' and ' fear ') was assessed from facial, body movement and vocal stimuli. The ability to make social judgements (such as approachability) from facial stimuli was also investigated.Results. Significant deficits in emotion recognition were found in the ASD group relative to the control group across all stimulus domains (faces, body movements and voices). These deficits were seen across a range of emotions. The ASD group were also impaired in making social judgements compared to the control group and this correlated with impairments in basic emotion recognition.Conclusions. This study demonstrates that there are significant and broad-ranging deficits in emotion processing in ASD present across a range of stimulus domains and in the auditory and visual modality ; they cannot therefore be accounted for simply in terms of impairments in face processing or in the visual modality alone. These results identify a core deficit affecting the processing of a wide range of emotional information in ASD, which contributes to the impairments in social function seen in people with this condition. IntroductionAutism, as defined by DSM-IV criteria, is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction, a restricted repetitive range of interests and behaviours and impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication. There is a broad clinical phenotype that encompasses a wide range of behaviour and degrees of global intellectual impairment. This results in a diverse clinical population, generally described as having an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Individuals on the autism spectrum who do not show global intellectual impairment are commonly referred to as having high-functioning autism (HFA) if they have a history of significant language delay and Asperger syndrome (AS) if they do not. For adults with HFA/AS it is the difficulties in social communication and interaction that are frequently the most debilitating.Studies have identified deficits in facial emotion recognition in both children (C...

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Section: Tests Of Social Judgementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tests Of Social Judgementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficits in facial, body movement and vocal emotional processing in autism spectrum disorders

et al. 2010

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“…Facial stimuli were selected as described previously (Hall et al 2004 ;Santos & Young, 2008). In brief, 1000 pictures of faces derived from media sources, all of non-famous adults, were shown to six volunteer participants and were rated for approachability and intelligence on a scale of 1-7.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two tests of social cognition were performed comprising judgements of approachability or intelligence from faces (Hall et al 2004 ;Santos & Young, 2008). In the approachability task, participants had to decide whether faces appeared ' not approachable ' or ' very approachable '.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A common neural system mediating two different forms of social judgement

et al. 2009

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Background. A wide range of neuropsychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia and autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), are associated with impairments in social function. Previous studies have shown that individuals with schizophrenia and ASD have deficits in making a wide range of social judgements from faces, including decisions related to threat (such as judgements of approachability) and decisions not related to physical threat (such as judgements of intelligence). We have investigated healthy control participants to see whether there is a common neural system activated during such social decisions, on the basis that deficits in this system may contribute to the impairments seen in these disorders.Method. We investigated the neural basis of social decision making during judgements of approachability and intelligence from faces in 24 healthy participants using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We used conjunction analysis to identify common brain regions activated during both tasks.Results. Activation of the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, inferior prefrontal cortex and cerebellum was seen during performance of both social tasks, compared to simple gender judgements from the same stimuli. Task-specific activations were present in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the intelligence task and in the inferior and middle temporal cortex in the approachability task.Conclusions. The present study identified a common network of brain regions activated during the performance of two different forms of social judgement from faces. Dysfunction of this network is likely to contribute to the broad-ranging deficits in social function seen in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and ASD.

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“…From ratings of the perceived trustworthiness of these 1,000 face photographs established in previous studies (Santos & Young, 2005;Santos & Young, 2008;Santos & Young, 2011;Sutherland, et al, 2013;Sutherland, et al, 2015) the 15 male faces with lowest rated trustworthiness and the 15 male faces with highest rated trustworthiness were selected, subject to constraints that the photographs included no spectacles, were sufficiently close to frontal view that both eyes were visible, showed no beards or moustaches, and that there were no more than two faces with hats in each set. These constraints were introduced only to allow the creation of relatively sharp averaged images.…”

Section: Face Perception and Social Cognition Tasksmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neuropsychology of first impressions: Evidence from Huntington's disease

Sprengelmeyer

Young

Baldas

et al. 2016

Cortex

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Impairments of emotion recognition have been widely documented in Huntington's disease (HD), but little is known concerning how these relate to other aspects of social cognition, including first impressions of traits such as trustworthiness and dominance. Here, we introduce a novel and sensitive method to investigate the ability to evaluate trustworthiness and dominance from facial appearance, with control tasks measuring ability to perceive differences between comparable stimuli. We used this new method together with standard tests of face perception to investigate social cognition in HD. We found that a subgroup of people with HD was impaired at perceiving trustworthiness and dominance, and that perceiving trustworthiness and dominance were correlated with impaired facial expression recognition. In addition, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to provisionally identify candidate brain regions associated with social cognition by contrasting regional functional anisotropy (FA) measures between subgroups of HD participants showing normal or impaired perception of trustworthiness and dominance, and by correlating these regional brain abnormalities with behavioural performance on tests of emotion recognition. In this way we show for the first time alterations in perception of trustworthiness and dominance in people with HD and link these to regions which may map the boundaries of the social brain. The pattern of breakdown seen in this neurodegenerative disease can thus be used to explore potential inter-relationships between different components of social cognition.

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Effects of Inversion and Negation on Social Inferences from Faces

Cited by 50 publications

References 62 publications

Deficits in facial, body movement and vocal emotional processing in autism spectrum disorders

Deficits in facial, body movement and vocal emotional processing in autism spectrum disorders

A common neural system mediating two different forms of social judgement

The neuropsychology of first impressions: Evidence from Huntington's disease

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