Effects of intranasal ZnSO4 irrigation on olfactory and trigeminal cues

Hansen, Lea Frimann; Hammer, Maria; Petersen, Susanna Heissel; Nielsen, Gunnar Damgård

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(94)90047-7

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The effect, if real, seems in any event small. We also note that a study of irritation-induced reflex changes in respiration in mice implid no effect of anosmia on sensitivity to nasal irritation (Hansen et al 1994). …”

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confidence: 76%

Trigeminal and olfactory sensitivity: comparison of modalities and methods of measurement

1998

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

107

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Objective: The principal objective was to chart sensitivity for human nasal irritation by alternative psychophysical methods, a common detection procedure vs. a nasal lateralization procedure that required the subject to indicate whether a vapor had stimulated the left or right nostril. This objective relates to the broader issues: a) whether subjects with normal olfaction (normosmics) can yield, through novel methodology, an index of sensitivity to nasal irritation comparable to that obtained from subjects without olfaction (anosmics) and b) whether both types of subjects have similar irritation sensitivity in general. This study sought to gauge interconvertability both between types of subjects and between modes of stimulus presentation, for irritative and, where appropriate, olfactory stimulation.Methods: Static dilution series of four n-aliphatic alcohols, chosen to represent volatile organic compounds (VOCs), provided the source of calibrated olfactory and irritative vapors, emitted from their squeezable containers into the nose or eye by either a mechanical device or by hand.Standard psychophysical methodology (forced-choice; ascending strength of stimulation) served to chart detection thresholds for irritation and odor and an analogous procedure served to chart the threshold for localization of stimulation.Results: Within the limits of resolution, detection thresholds and nasal localization thresholds yielded comparable indices of the potency of the VOCs to evoke nasal irritation. The thresholds agreed well with those for detection of eye irritation, though only the eyes proved able to detect irritation from 1-octanol. The method of emitting the stimulus had little material effect on measures of either irritative or olfactory detection. Conclusions:The threshold for nasal localization offers a suitable way to measure nasal irritation in normosmic persons. Olfactory stimulation does not interfere with the measure since subjects cannot localize on that basis. Anosmic and normosmic persons have comparable sensitivity to nasal and ocular irritation. If anosmic persons have any lower sensitivity, as sometimes claimed, it would seem to have only trivial consequences for estimates of the irritative potency of VOCs.

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confidence: 76%

Trigeminal and olfactory sensitivity: comparison of modalities and methods of measurement

1998

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

107

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“…According to Chapman et al (2013), intranasal administration of insulin is “a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diseases with CNS involvement, such as obesity, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, depression, anxiety, autism spectrum disorders, seizures, drug addiction, eating disorders, and stroke”. In light of this, investigators have evaluated the potential risks associated with the concentration of zinc in insulin formulations (Hansen et al, 1994; Hamidovic 2015). Based on observations that zinc toxicity occurs at concentrations between 0.01 and 0.05% zinc, current insulin products appear to be safe, as the concentration in these formulations ranges between 0.007 and 0.0065% (Hansen et al, 1994; Hamidovic 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

Zinc gluconate toxicity in wild-type vs. MT1/2-deficient mice

2017

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Previous studies have suggested that oral zinc supplementation can help reduce the duration of the common cold; however, the use of intranasal (IN) zinc is strongly associated with anosmia, or the loss of the sense of smell, in humans. Prior studies from this lab showed that upregulation of metallothioneins (MT) is a rapid and robust response to zinc gluconate (ZG). Therefore, we assessed the role of MT in the recovery of nasal epithelial damage resulting from IN zinc administration. The main studies in this investigation used a high dose of ZG (170 mM) to ensure ablation of the olfactory mucosa, so that the progression of histological and functional recovery could be assessed. In vivo studies using wild-type, MT1/2 knockout mice (MT KO), and heterozygotes administered ZG by IN instillation showed profound loss of the olfactory mucosa in the nasal cavity. Recovery was monitored, and a lower percentage of the MT KO mice were able to smell 28 d after treatment; however, no significant difference was observed in the rate of cell proliferation in the basal layer of the olfactory epithelium between MT KO and wild-type mice. A lower concentration of ZG (33 mM), equivalent to that found in homeopathic IN ZG preparations, also caused olfactory epithelial toxicity in mice. These studies suggest that the use of zinc in drug formulations intended for IN administration in humans must be carefully evaluated for their potential to cause olfactory functional deficits.

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“…Overall, such data suggest that any difference in trigeminal sensitivity between normosmics and anosmics, if in fact real, is likely small. Along these lines, a study of irritation-induced reflex changes in respiration in mice revealed no effect of anosmia on sensitivity to nasal irritation (Hansen et al, 1994). …”

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confidence: 99%