Effects of intranasal insulin as an enhancer of fear extinction: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled experimental study

Sá, Diana S. Ferreira de; Römer, Sonja; Brückner, Alexandra H.; Issler, Tobias; Hauck, Alexander; Michael, Tanja

doi:10.1038/s41386-019-0593-3

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…45 In acute experiments in healthy humans, the enhancing impact of IN insulin on fear extinction turned out to pertain to skin conductance in women but not men. 73 In clinical studies, male individuals with mild cognitive impairment or AD appeared to be more sensitive than women to the impact on declarative memory of 4 months of IN insulin treatment, particularly if negative for the apolipoprotein E gene (apoE ε4). 74 However, comparable indicators of sex-specific effects have not been reported for other experiments in participants with memory impairments.…”

Section: Box 1 Experimental Indicators Of Sex Differences In the Response To Intranasal Insulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intranasal insulin

Hallschmid

2021

J Neuroendocrinology

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In 1855, Claude Bernard published his seminal finding that puncturing the fourth brain ventricle triggers glucosuria in mice, suggesting that the central nervous system (CNS) contributes to the control of systemic glucose fluxes. 1 Still, after the revolutionary extraction and purification of pancreatic insulin by Frederick Banting and Charles Best around 100 years ago, 2 it took another 50 years until insulin receptors were discovered in rat brains by Havrankova and colleagues in 1978. 3 Finally, the brain, long regarded as an insulin-insensitive organ because it does not essentially rely on the hormone to regulate its energy supply, 4 was identified as a target of insulin. Today, it

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Section: Box 1 Experimental Indicators Of Sex Differences In the Response To Intranasal Insulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intranasal insulin

Hallschmid

2021

J Neuroendocrinology

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“…Therefore, the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting all population groups, but the magnitude of and disparities in its impact have not yet been extensively studied and should be the focus of future research. Moreover, differences between subjective expectancy ratings and psychophysiological measures, such as the skin conductance response (SCR) or the startle reflex, have been reported in several fear conditioning studies ( Blechert et al, 2008 ; Ferreira de Sá et al, 2020 ; Sevenster et al, 2014 ). These dissociations correspond to the idea of multiple memory systems being involved in fear learning ( Phelps, 2004 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear learning and generalization during pandemic fear: How COVID-19-related anxiety affects classical fear conditioning with traumatic film clips

Hauck

Michael²,

Sá³

2022

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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“…Indeed, it shows promise with respect to ameliorating mood, anxiety disorders and the response to psychosocial stress, as well as memory and cognition. [55][56][57][58][59] An 8-week treatment with insulin delivery improved memory and attention, as well as mood, self-confidence and overall well-being, in humans. 57 Although intranasal insulin delivery reaches and likely exerts its effects on the olfactory bulb and hippocampal regions first, the literature is contradictory regarding whether intranasal insulin delivery affects cerebral blood flow in the hypothalamus.…”

Section: In Sulin a S A Neuroendo Crine Hormone Controlling B Ehaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothalamic insulin signalling as a nexus regulating mood and metabolism

Rawlinson

Andrews

2021

J Neuroendocrinology

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In 1921, insulin was discovered by Frederick Banting, an orthopaedic surgeon in Ontario, Canada, after he had noticed, during a patient autopsy with no history of glycosuria, that a pancreatic stone had destroyed the enzyme-producing acinar cells of the pancreas but left the islets of Langerhans intact. 1 In 1922, after developing a method to extract the islets without damage from digestive enzymes, he administered the newly identified and purified hormone and successfully treated a 14-year-old boy with type 1 diabetes in ketoacidosis. 1 Subsequently, insulin has largely been known for its critical role in glucose metabolism by acting on peripheral tissues, such as the liver and muscle, to maintain glycaemia by regulating glucose production and disposal. In this way, insulin is crucial for treating many types of diabetes (types 1 and 2, gestational, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults or type 1.5, maturity onset diabetes of the young). 2,3 At the cellular level, insulin mediates its actions via the insulin receptor (IR) in which binding results in receptor autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of IR substrate (IRS). Activation of IRS triggers the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway and facilitates many metabolic functions, including glucose transport via glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), glycogen and lipid synthesis, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, involved in gene transcription and cell proliferation. 4,5 Insulin is well known as a metabolic hormone for its control of blood glucose, by regulating peripheral glucose transport in muscle and adipose tissue, suppressing gluconeogenesis and adipose tissue lipolysis. 6,7 A lack of IRs in skeletal muscle (MIRKO mouse model) results in symptoms of metabolic syndrome, including increased fat mass, triglycerides and free

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Effects of intranasal insulin as an enhancer of fear extinction: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled experimental study

Cited by 10 publications

References 86 publications

Intranasal insulin

Intranasal insulin

Fear learning and generalization during pandemic fear: How COVID-19-related anxiety affects classical fear conditioning with traumatic film clips

Hypothalamic insulin signalling as a nexus regulating mood and metabolism

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