Effects of intestinal lymphatic ligation on intestinal immunity in rats with severe acute pancreatitis

Liu, Yuanqi; Chen, Li; Wang, Lulu; Xiong, Yang

doi:10.1002/2211-5463.13115

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Th cells are the central cells of the body’s adaptive immune response ( 32 ). The expressions of CD4 + /IFN-γ + and CD4 + /IL-4 + serve to quantify the activations of Th1 cells and Th2 cells, respectively ( 13 ). The results revealed that the expression of Th1 cells in the SAP group was significantly higher than that in the Sham group at 6–72 h, which did not significantly change at 1–3 h, gradually increased at 6–24 h, peaked at 24 h, and gradually decreased until it dropped to normal levels at 120 h ( Figures 6A, D ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next, we studied the changes in Tregs in SAP rats. Tregs, which are regarded as suppressive T cells, play a crucial role in maintaining the balance between immune activation and tolerance ( 13 ). The expression of CD4 + /CD25 + /FOXP3 + is identified as the most specific marker of Tregs ( 13 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tregs, which are regarded as suppressive T cells, play a crucial role in maintaining the balance between immune activation and tolerance ( 13 ). The expression of CD4 + /CD25 + /FOXP3 + is identified as the most specific marker of Tregs ( 13 ). The results showed that Tregs in the SAP group were obviously higher than those in the Sham group at 24–120 h, which greatly increased at 12 h, slowly declined at 24–48 h after peaking at 24 h, gradually decreased at 48–120 h, until it finally returned to normal levels at 168 h ( Figures 6C, G ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cytokine level is one of the most essential indicators reflecting the immune status of SAP patients ( 2 ). Gut-derived endotoxins and cytokines mainly enter the systemic circulation through the intestinal lymphatic pathway and induce systemic inflammatory response, while blocking the mesenteric lymphatic vessels can reduce the systemic inflammatory response ( 13 ). Therefore, there is a positive correlation between intestinal and systemic inflammation through the intestinal–lymphatic pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Monitoring of Immunoinflammatory Response Identifies Immunoswitching Characteristics of Severe Acute Pancreatitis in Rats

et al. 2022

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BackgroundImmune dysfunction is the main characteristic of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), and the timing of immune regulation has become a major challenge for SAP treatment. Previous reports about the time point at which the immune status of SAP changed from excessive inflammatory response to immunosuppression (hypo-inflammatory response) are conflicting.PurposesThe aims of this study are to explore the immunological dynamic changes in SAP rats from the perspective of intestinal mucosal immune function, and to determine the immunoswitching point from excessive inflammatory response to immunosuppression.MethodsRetrograde injection of sodium taurocholate into the pancreaticobiliary duct was applied to establish a SAP model in rats. The survival rate and the activities of serum amylase and pancreatic lipase in SAP rats were measured at different time points after model construction. The pathological changes in the pancreas and small intestines were analyzed, and the levels of intestinal pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the numbers of intestinal macrophages, dendritic cells, Th1, Th2, and T regulatory cells were assessed. Meanwhile, the SAP rats were challenged with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) strains to simulate a second hit, and the levels of intestinal inflammatory cytokines and the numbers of immune cells were analyzed to confirm the immunoswitching point.ResultsThe time periods of 12–24 h and 48–72 h were the two death peaks in SAP rats. The pancreas of SAP rats showed self-limiting pathological changes, and the switching period of intestinal cytokines, and innate and adaptive immunity indexes occurred at 24–48 h. It was further confirmed that 48 h after SAP model construction was the immunoswitching point from excessive inflammatory response to immunosuppression.ConclusionThe SAP rats showed characteristics of intestinal mucosal immune dysfunction after model construction, and the 48th h was identified as the immunoswitching point from excessive inflammatory response to immunosuppression. The results are of great significance for optimizing the timing of SAP immune regulation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Monitoring of Immunoinflammatory Response Identifies Immunoswitching Characteristics of Severe Acute Pancreatitis in Rats

et al. 2022

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Studies Related to the Involvement of EsA in Improving Intestinal Inflammation in Acute Pancreatitis via the NF-κB Pathway

Pan,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Mediators of Inflammation

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Background. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a clinically frequent acute abdominal condition, which refers to an inflammatory response syndrome of edema, bleeding, and even necrosis caused by abnormal activation of the pancreas’s own digestive enzymes. Intestinal damage can occur early in the course of AP and is manifested by impaired intestinal mucosal barrier function, and inflammatory reactions of the intestinal mucosa, among other factors. It can cause translocation of intestinal bacteria and endotoxins, further aggravating the condition of AP. Therefore, actively protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier, controlling the progression of intestinal inflammation, and improving intestinal dynamics in the early stages of AP play an important role in enhancing the prognosis of AP. Methods. The viability and apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells treated with Esculentoside A (EsA) and/or lipopolysaccharide were detected using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins and NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins were detected by western blot (WB). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure TNF-α and IL-6 secretion. Results. In vitro experiments demonstrated that EsA not only promoted the apoptosis of inflammatory cells but also reduced the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, it inhibited the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by decreasing the expression of phosphorylated-p65(p-p65) and elevating the expression of IκBα. Similarly, in vivo experiments using a rat AP model showed that EsA inhibited the expression of p-p65 elevating the expression of IκBα in the intestinal tissues of the rat AP model and promoting the apoptosis of inflammatory cells in the intestinal mucosa in vivo experiments, while improving the pathological outcome of the pancreatic and intestinal tissues. Conclusion. Our results suggest that EsA can reduce intestinal inflammation in the rat AP model and that EsA may be a candidate for treating intestinal inflammation in AP and further arresting AP progression.

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Effects of intestinal lymphatic ligation on intestinal immunity in rats with severe acute pancreatitis

Cited by 2 publications

References 41 publications

Dynamic Monitoring of Immunoinflammatory Response Identifies Immunoswitching Characteristics of Severe Acute Pancreatitis in Rats

Dynamic Monitoring of Immunoinflammatory Response Identifies Immunoswitching Characteristics of Severe Acute Pancreatitis in Rats

Studies Related to the Involvement of EsA in Improving Intestinal Inflammation in Acute Pancreatitis via the NF-κB Pathway

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