Effects of International Diversity and Product Diversity on the Performance of Multinational Firms

What determines the scope of the firm over time and around the world? An Asia Pacific perspective

“…1 Even recent theoretical work that has considered other contingencies affecting product scope, such as time , has not considered the interaction of the two. This lack of attention is somewhat surprising given the large amount of anecdotal evidence, for example, in the case of US firms, that has twinned the two concepts together in the "product focus, global expansion" mantra of the 1990s and early 2000s (Bodnar, Tang, & Weintrop, 1997;Denis, Denis, & Yost, 2002;Meyer, 2006b;Tallman & Li, 1996). Our point, which we develop in more detail in subsequent sections, is simply that product scope and geographic scope need to be examined simultaneously in future research.…”

Performance, Internationalization, and Firm-specific Advantages of SMEs in a Newly-Industrialized Economy

“…Firms adopting an international strategy face rising costs at the initial stages of expansion, a phenomenon known as the ''liability of foreignness'' (Buckley and Casson, 1976;Hymer, 1976). Although this cost might diminish with the growth of international experience, transaction and coordination costs also ensue from higher levels of internationalization (Hitt et al, 1997;Tallman and Li, 1996). The uncertainty associated with launching foreign operations, such as that of institutional deterrence, also increases operating costs (Mitchell et al, 1992).…”

Are strategy-performance relationships contingent on macroeconomic environments? Evidence from Japan’s textile industry

“…This measure, called "country scope", is similar to that employed by Tallman and Li (1996). Despite the fact that foreign sales ratio or entropy measures based on weighted foreign sales are other commonly used proxies for international diversity (Grant, Jammine, & Thomas, 1988;Hitt et al, 1997), these were not feasible given the lack of data especially for the relatively smaller textile firms.…”

“…effects of asset valuations resulting from new investment and depreciation. This measure has often been employed in previous diversification studies (Geringer et al, 2000;Tallman & Li, 1996;Tallman et al, 2004).…”