Effects of intermittent fasting on metabolism in men

Abstract

This review analyzes the available literature on the impact of intermittent fasting (IF), a nutritional intervention, on different aspects of metabolism. The epidemic of metabolic disturbances, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome (MS), and diabetes mellitus type 2 has led to an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, and affected patients might significantly benefit from modifications in nutritional habits. Recent experimental studies have elucidated some of the metabolic mechanisms involved with IF. Animal models have shown positive changes in glucose (lower plasma glucose and insulin levels) and in lipid metabolism (reduced visceral fat tissue and increased plasma adiponectin level), and an increased resistance to stress. Despite the limited number of samples studied, positive results have been reported on the impact of IF for human health. IF is reported to improve the lipid profile; to decrease inflammatory responses, reflected by changes in serum adipokine levels; and to change the expression of genes related to inflammatory response and other factors. Studies on obese individuals have shown that patient compliance was greater for IF than other traditional nutritional approaches (calorie restriction), and IF was found to be associated with low oxidative stress. Recent reports suggest that IF exerts a positive impact on the metabolic derangements commonly associated with cardiovascular diseases, and that it may be a viable and accessible intervention for most individuals. Therefore, further clinical studies are essential to test the effectiveness of IF in preventing and controlling metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.

Metabolic Inflexibility: When Mitochondrial Indecision Leads to Metabolic Gridlock

“…Thus, approaches targeting the cause rather than the symptoms of nutrient overload should yield more desirable outcomes. Moving beyond the standard recommendation to “eat less and move more,” recent studies employing unconventional behavior modification interventions have produced intriguing results, including intermittent fasting regimens in which rodents or human subjects fast for extended periods followed by ad libitum eating (Azevedo et al, 2013; Trepanowski et al, 2011), as well as “exercise snacking” regimens in which individuals exercise vigorously for brief (~5 min) periods before consuming a standard-size meal (Francois et al, 2014). Interestingly, these routines were found to improve glucose homeostasis more than isoenergetic regimens comprised of traditional feeding and exercise patterns.…”

Evaluation of a novel fasting approach using plant polysaccharides per meal in human symbionts

“…Like other calorie restriction (CR) or fasting regimens [8,10,11,[31][32][33], all of which could cause changes in markers (ketone bodies, and glucose) that were similar to those caused by absolute fasting. All of the subjects self-described slight or tolerable hunger sensation and slight fatigue, besides, high dietary adherence during the one-week FF operation, indicated that FF regimen is an acceptable manner in normal life for short-term survival by using the body fat and glycogen other than the ) and Actinobacteria (p=0.046) and Verrucomicrobia (p=0.01) increased at 1W group.…”

Percepção Da Obesidade Juvenil Entre Professores De Educação Física Na Educação Básica

“…Os resultados obtidos na presente investigação, em concordância com outros estudos 6,11,16,20,21 revelaram que os sujeitos entrevistados percebem a relevância do tema obesidade juvenil nos dias atuais, e ressaltam a importância da adequação da composição corporal ao percentil para a faixa etária no sentido de se evitar doenças relacionadas.…”