Effects of inoculation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the composition of the essential oil, plant growth, and lipoxygenase activity of Piper aduncum L.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the production of secondary metabolites Piper aduncum seedlings were inoculated by spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Rhizophagus clarus and Claroideoglomus etunicatum. P. aduncum seedlings were inoculated by spores of R. clarus and C. etunicatum and then, development parameters, root colonization, lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, and essential oil (OE) chemical composition were monitored at 30, 60 and 90 days’ post-inoculation (dpi). The inoculation had influenced the plant height and root length at 30 and 90 dpi and microscopic analysis of roots showed the presence of hyphae, arbuscules and vesicles in the inoculated plants. Phenylpropanoids and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the main compounds in the EO. In the leaves, the concentration of phenylpropanoids showed a decrease, mainly at 60 dpi, with increased sesquiterpene hydrocarbon production. The main compounds were dillapiole, myristicin, and germacrene D; the dillapiole concentration decreased in all treatments. LOX activity had an increase in the leaves and roots at 90 dpi. These results suggest that alterations in the secondary metabolites of P . aduncum can be induced by its mechanisms of resistance during AMF interaction.

Two Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Alleviates Drought Stress and Improves Plant Growth in Cinnamomum migao Seedlings

“…At the same time, these relationships can regulate plant metabolism (such as antioxidant enzymes and peroxides) to alleviate drought damage to plants, thereby improving the tolerance of plants to drought stress. This phenomenon has been observed in C. camphora and C. bodinieri [15,16]. Furthermore, previous research has confirmed that C. migao can co-exist with some AM fungi [17].…”

Variation in Peperomia pellucida growth and secondary metabolism after rhizobacteria inoculation

“…Although it has been reported as the main component of P. pellucida EOs occurring in northern Brazil [1,7,9], plant colonization by E. asburiae and K. variicola did not affected its concentration. This probably happened because plant colonization by symbiotic microorganisms usually affects species rich in terpenes [14,21,38,90]. Similar effects have also been observed after herbivore attack [96][97][98].…”

“…asburiae which had a decrease in the concentration of ishwarane and an increase in 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene ( Fig 4 ). The growth in the phenylpropanoid derivative content was an unexpected finding since monoterpene and sesquiterpene contents are usually the ones affected by microorganism inoculation [ 21 , 38 , 90 ]. The increase in this compound content may not have been reported for plant-microbe symbiosis, but 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene could be involved in plant-defense since it has insecticidal activity [ 91 ].…”

“…variicola did not affected its concentration. This probably happened because plant colonization by symbiotic microorganisms usually affects species rich in terpenes [ 14 , 21 , 38 , 90 ]. Similar effects have also been observed after herbivore attack [ 96 – 98 ].…”

Etnobotânica de plantas medicinais aromáticas: preparações e usos da flora local em cinco comunidades rurais localizadas na região do Baixo Tocantins, Pará, Brasil

“…Na Amazônia brasileira muitas espécies de PMA já foram estudadas, como Ontrichardia linifera Schott (Araceae), (Batista et al, 2019;Oliveira et al, 2019a;Silva et al, 2019a;Vilhena et al, 2019;Ferreira et al, 2020). Nas comunidades amazônicas, principalmente aquelas que se encontram localizadas distantes dos grandes centros médicos e de diagnósticos, esses vegetais constituem a fonte primária de recursos para cuidar da saúde ou curar de diversas afecções (Santos et al, 2019).…”