Effects of increasing soybean hulls in finishing diets with wet or modified distillers grains plus solubles on performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers

Abstract

Two experiments evaluated feeding soybean hulls (SBH) in finishing diets that contain distillers grains plus solubles on performance and carcass characteristics. Dietary concentrations of SBH were 0, 12.5, 25, and 37.5% of diet DM. In Exp. 1, 167 crossbred yearling steers (395 ± 22 kg of BW) were fed for 117 d in a randomized block design in which pelleted SBH replaced dry-rolled corn. All diets contained 25% modified distillers grains plus solubles, 15% corn silage, and 5% liquid supplement. As SBH concentration increased, DMI decreased linearly (P = 0.04). Gain and G:F decreased linearly (P < 0.01) in response to increasing concentrations of SBH, which decreased relative energy value from 91 to 79% of corn. Hot carcass weight linearly decreased (P < 0.01) by 24 kg as SBH increased. In Exp. 2, a randomized block design used 160 backgrounded steer calves (363 ± 16 kg of BW) in a 138-d finishing study with 0, 12.5, 25, or 37.5% SBH in the meal form. Basal ingredients consisted of a 1:1 ratio of high-moisture corn and dry-rolled corn, 40% wet distillers grains plus solubles, 8% sorghum silage, and 4% dry meal supplement. There was a tendency (P = 0.12) for a quadratic increase in ADG and G:F as dietary SBH increased, with numerically greatest ADG and G:F with 12.5% SBH. Feeding 12.5 to 25% SBH with 40% wet distillers grains plus solubles (Exp. 2) had little effect on performance but decreased ADG and G:F in diets with 25% modified distillers grains plus solubles (Exp. 1).

Levels of substitution of corn by soybean hulls in high-concentrate diets for finishing beef heifers

“…These results are in line with those described by Freitas et al (2013), who evaluated the production performance of steers fed GC, SH, or wheat bran as carbohydrate sources in 60% concentrate diets and found no significant effects on HCY, which averaged 57.63%. Our results disagree, however, with those published by Bittner et al (2016), who found that HCW declined linearly as they increased the amount of SH in the diet of feedlot steers (389.63, 383.73, 380.56, and 365.59 kg for the levels of 0.0, 12.5, 25.0, and 37.5% of rolled corn replaced with SH). In their experiment, the carcass of the steers that received diets with the maximum SH level was 23.04 kg lighter than that of animals that did not consume SH.…”

“…In Brazil, SFT values between 3-10 mm are desirable, considering that a minimum thickness of 3 mm is required for proper carcass chilling, without meat darkening or excessive muscle fibre shortening, which considerably compromise meat tenderness. The present results for SFT corroborate those presented by Bittner et al (2016), who found that the level of substitution of rolled corn by SH in the finishing of feedlot steers had no effect on SFT measured at the 12th rib. Those authors obtained an average SFT of 3.09 mm.…”

“…According to Ipharraguerre and Clark (2003), the varying results in research on the use of SH in ruminant diets may be attributed to the proportion of concentrate used in the diet; inclusion level or physical form of the SH used; type of carbohydrate to be substituted; type and physical form of forage used; and incidence of positive or negative association effects occurring before or after SH addition to the diet. The decreasing DMI observed in ruminants fed SH has been attributed to physical limitation of the reticulorumen caused by the increased NDF content in the diets, which was confirmed in experiments in which the proportion of roughage exceeded that of concentrate (Ranathunga et al, 2010;Bittner et al, 2016). By contrast, increases in DMI have been associated with the animal's attempt to elevate its feed intake in order to maintain its energy intake level, given the reduced energy content of diets in which GC was substituted by SH or other by-products.…”

“…These results are similar to those described by Ludden, et al (1995), who observed a reduction in feed efficiency as the dietary level of SH was increased. Bittner et al (2016) examined the inclusion of SH at 0, 12.5, 25, and 37.5% of DM in diets for feedlot-finished crossbred steers and found a linear decrease and a linear increase in weight gain and feed conversion, respectively, in response to the substitution of rolled corn by SH. Those authors attributed those findings to the nutritional value of the diet, which reduced as the SH levels were elevated, considering that TDN declined from 88% to 82% when the inclusion level was increased from 12.5% to 37.5%.…”

Sustentabilidade da produção: uso de subprodutos agroindustriais na produção de pequenos ruminantes

“…A casca de soja (Glycine max) é um subproduto advindo da indústria de óleos comestíveis, obtido após a quebra do grão para extração do óleo, sendo composto, em maior quantidade, pelo pericarpo do grão, a capa protetora da semente (IPHARRAGUERRE;CLARK, 2003). Este subproduto possui um alto teor de fibra, não se enquadrando na alimentação humana, mas com uma composição com potencial de utilização na nutrição animal (BITTNER et al, 2016;ELGHANDOUR et al, 2017 Alguns estudos têm demonstrando o potencial desse subproduto na alimentação animal (ADAMAFIO et al, 2012;PAN et al, 2019), e devido ao seu alto conteúdo fibroso, a casca de amendoim pode ser fonte de volumoso de baixa qualidade para ruminantes e ser fonte de fibra em dietas de alta carga energética a fim de garantir a saúde do rúmen.…”