Effects of increasing days of exposure to prepartum diets on the concentration of certain blood metabolites in dairy cows

Degaris, PJ; Lean, I.J.; Rabiee, A.R.; Stevenson, M.A.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2009.00530.x

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Increased milk production of cattle treated with salicylic acid Bertoni et al (2004), Farney et al (2013b) Detailed examination of evidence pertaining to particular aspects of diet is warranted, particularly in the context of recent understandings of the role of bone in the regulation of metabolism in mice models that should equally apply to the cow (McNeill and Anderson 2012). In order to investigate the mechanisms by which an intervention, limited to the period immediately before calving can influence future production and reproduction, we evaluated the effects of Ca and vitamin D on bone and the integration of energy metabolism; examined the effects of pre-calving DCAD and macro-mineral content of the diet on milk production and undertook further analysis of data collected by DeGaris et al (2010b).…”

Section: Intervention Type Physiological Basis Examples Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influencing the future: interactions of skeleton, energy, protein and calcium during late gestation and early lactation

Lean

DeGaris²,

Celi

et al. 2014

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Marked improvements in milk production, health and reproduction have resulted from manipulations of the pre-calving diet. An understanding of the underlying physiological changes resulting from manipulation of late gestational diets is needed in order to refine and enhance these responses. The physiology of late gestation and early lactation of the dairy cow is examined in the context of exploring the hypothesis that changes in physiology occur not only through homeostatic, but also homeorhetic change. Studies in mice and man have identified a pivotal role for skeleton, particularly through production of active forms of osteocalcin, in integrating energy metabolism. Skeleton appears to particularly influence lipid metabolism and vice versa. Further insights into the factors influencing skeletal function and calcium (Ca) metabolism are emerging, including the potential for negative dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) diets to upregulate the responses of the skeleton in metabolism through increased bone mobilisation and in enhancing responses to parathyroid hormone. The rumen appears to be an important site of absorption of Ca, but physiological mechanisms influencing this uptake are not clear. We provide quantitative evidence of the magnitude of responses that reflect relationships linking Ca metabolism, skeleton and production, using meta-analytic methods. Negative DCAD diets increase milk production in multiparous cattle, but not in heifers. Further, examination of concentrations of metabolites related to energy metabolism obtained from cattle exposed to a negative DCAD diet over calving identified a dominant role for Ca concentrations, which were associated with blood-free fatty acids (NEFA), blood 3-hydroxybutyrate, glucose and cholesterol. These relationships were homeostatic, occurring on the same day, but also homeorhetic with concentrations of Ca and NEFA being significantly associated over 21 days. The findings in cattle are consistent with those in the murine models. However, Ca and the skeleton are not the only significant factors in the transition period influencing future performance as hormonal treatments, metabolic demands and sex of the conceptus, and inflammation and the factors controlling this play a role in future performance. Homeorhetic, longer-term, adaptive responses are critical to achieving orchestrated longer-term adaptive responses to calving and lactation. We consider that the teleological question ‘why would a bone-specific hormone (osteocalcin) regulate energy metabolism?’ is answered by the specific needs for integrated metabolism to address the extreme metabolic demands of lactation in many species.

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Section: Intervention Type Physiological Basis Examples Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influencing the future: interactions of skeleton, energy, protein and calcium during late gestation and early lactation

Lean

DeGaris²,

Celi

et al. 2014

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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“…Insulin acts to directly inhibit osteoblast activity, thereby enhancing bone resorption (Lee et al, 2007). Associations have been made between obesity and Ca metabolism in cattle (Heuer et al, 1999;DeGaris et al, 2010) and induced subclinical hypocalcemia resulted in transient insulin resistance based on increased blood glucose and reduced plasma insulin concentrations in dairy cattle (Martinez et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between bone and energy metabolism in cows fed diets differing in level of dietary cation-anion difference and supplemented with cholecalciferol or calcidiol

Rodney

Martínez

Celi

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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Bone-derived hormones play an important role in metabolism. This study examined the hypothesis that interactions between bone and energy metabolism, particularly those involving osteocalcin, are present in dairy cattle and have feedback mechanisms over time. Associations between metabolites in blood were examined in 32 Holstein cows blocked by parity and milk yield and randomly allocated to diets containing either 0.27 mg/kg dry matter (DM) calcidiol or cholecalciferol for an anticipated intake of 3 mg/d (120,000 IU/d) at 11 kg of DM, and positive (+130 mEq/kg DM) or negative (-130 mEq/kg DM) dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) from 252 d of gestation to calving. Blood was sampled every 3 d, from 9 d prepartum to 30 d postpartum, and plasma concentrations of vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, adiponectin, C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX1), glucose, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), insulin, undercarboxylated osteocalcin (uOC), and carboxylated osteocalcin (cOC) were determined. Feeding calcidiol compared with cholecalciferol increased plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D pre- (264.2 ± 8.0 vs. 61.3 ± 8.0 ng/mL) and postpartum (170.8 ± 6.2 vs. 51.3 ± 6.2 ng/mL) but decreased concentrations of vitamin D pre- (1.2 ± 0.6 vs. 14.5 ± 0.6 ng/mL) and postpartum (1.9 ± 0.4 vs. 3.2 ± 0.6 ng/mL). Prepartum, cows fed the negative DCAD diet had reduced concentrations of vitamin D and glucose compared with cows fed a positive DCAD. The combination of negative DCAD and cholecalciferol reduced IGF1 concentrations prepartum. The DCAD treatment had no effect on postpartum concentrations of metabolites. Nulliparous cows had increased concentrations of OC, CTX1, IGF1, glucose, and insulin compared with parous cows. Time series analysis identified associations between metabolites on the same day and over 3-d lags up to ±9 d that suggest feedback between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D in the negative lags, indicating that 25-hydroxyvitamin D may exert feedback on vitamin D but not vice versa. We found evidence of a feedback mechanism between vitamin D and IGF1, with positive effect size (ES) on the same day and 3 d later, and negative ES 9 d later, that was more evident in cholecalciferol-fed cows. This suggests an important role of IGF1 in integrating bone metabolism with energy and protein metabolic pathways. Evidence of feedback was found between uOC and particularly cOC with IGF1, with positive ES on the same day but negative ES 6 d before and 6 d after. An association between uOC or cOC and IGF1 has not been previously identified in cattle and suggests that both uOC and cOC may have marked biological activity. Associations between OC and insulin identified in mice were not observed herein, although associations between OC and glucose were similar to those between IGF1 and glucose, supporting associations between glucose, OC, and IGF1. We provide further statistical evidence of crosstalk between vitamin D compounds, bone hormones, and energy metabolism in cattle. In particular, associations between uOC or cOC an...

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“…50 Its effects on the concentrations of certain blood metabolites are shown elsewhere. 51 We found substantial and positive effects on production, 15 reproduction and health from increasing the number of days of exposure of cows to a prepartum transition diet. Grummer 21 suggested that if transition feeding is important, then perturbations in nutrition during this period should affect lactation, health and reproductive performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The hazard of mastitis was significantly increased by 2% per day of exposure to the prepartum transition diet, which may be an analogous risk to that observed in cows with higher milk production associated with genetic merit 49 or recombinant bovine somatotropin treatment 50 . Its effects on the concentrations of certain blood metabolites are shown elsewhere 51 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of increasing days of exposure to prepartum transition diets on reproduction and health in dairy cows

et al. 2010

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Effects of increasing days of exposure to prepartum diets on the concentration of certain blood metabolites in dairy cows

Cited by 16 publications

References 48 publications

Influencing the future: interactions of skeleton, energy, protein and calcium during late gestation and early lactation

Influencing the future: interactions of skeleton, energy, protein and calcium during late gestation and early lactation

Associations between bone and energy metabolism in cows fed diets differing in level of dietary cation-anion difference and supplemented with cholecalciferol or calcidiol

Effects of increasing days of exposure to prepartum transition diets on reproduction and health in dairy cows

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