Effects of Inappropriate Sexual Behaviors and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Patients With Alzheimer Disease and Caregivers’ Depression on Caregiver Burden

Abstract

Objective: We investigated the effects of inappropriate sexual behaviors (ISBs) and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), and of caregivers’ depression, on the caregiver burden. Method: One hundred forty three patients with AD and their caregivers were included in the study. Sixty-five patients without AD who needed care due to their disability and their caregivers were enrolled for the comparison. Depression in caregivers was diagnosed using The Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (SCID-I). The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale were used to evaluate the severity of AD. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was used to assess the NPSs of patients. Caregiver burden was evaluated using the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Results: Inappropriate sexual behaviors were found in 13 (9.1%) of the AD group. Inappropriate sexual behaviors were more common in moderate or severe AD ( P = .009, χ2 = 9.396). The prevalence of depression (n = 38, 26.6%) was higher in caregivers of AD group with ISBs ( P = .000, χ2 = 24.69). The ZBI scores of caregivers of patients with AD were higher than the comparison group. In addition, the ZBI scores of caregivers of patients with AD were significantly higher in the AD group with ISB, a high total score of NPI, and a low score of MMSE. The caregivers of AD group with depression had higher ZBI scores ( P < .05). Conclusions: The severity of AD, the presence of NPSs in patients, and major depression in caregivers were risk factors for an increased caregiver burden.

Obscene Behavior: A Real Challenge for Therapeutic Relationship

“…This IPSB survey was conducted to the primary endeavour to distinguish the occurrence of the issue among the therapists. A brief report indicated that few respondents have accepted neurology to be a key for the event of IPSB (Ilik et al, 2020). Although, the factors related to it are not yet clear.…”

Sexuality of elders with dementia: social representation of nursing students

“…Ao considerar os relatos dos participantes do presente estudo, notou-se uma gênese constitutiva de campos representacionais sobre o objeto social -sexualidade de idosos com demência -desvelando que a objetivação desse objeto foi ancorada por diversos significados, em que uma minoria o representam como algo complexo, do qual fazem parte outras emoções e comportamentos que não se reduzem apenas ao ato sexual. Essas representações se sustentam na literatura, pois, obviamente, a sexualidade também envolve o ato sexual (12) , haja vista que idosos continuam tendo desejos semelhantes aos que tinham quando jovens, porém, apresentam limitações, em razão das alterações fisiológicas e, por vezes, patológicas que dificultam um relacionamento íntimo (12)(13) .…”

Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Hypersexuality in Patients with Dementia: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

“…Due to a lack of standardized measurement instruments, 18 hypersexuality was defined through clinical evaluation and interviewer impression after the patient or caregiver reported 1,19 sex-related activities or heightened sexual drive that interfered with functionality or occurred at inappropriate times or without the consent of involved individuals. 20 Types of hypersexuality were categorized as: (1) explicit sexual comments; (2) touching a nonpartner in the breast or genitals; (3) touching a partner's breast or genitals in public; (4) exposing one's breasts or genitals in public; (5) other inappropriate sexual behavior.…”