Effects of impaction severity of treated palatally displaced canines on periodontal outcomes: a retrospective study

Abstract

Background Even though periodontal health was suggested to be not related to the traction technique, some other variables might influence the esthetic outcome of palatally displaced canines (PDC) when aligned, such as the initial position and impaction rate of the canine before treatment. The purpose of the present study was therefore to evaluate the existing correlations between periodontal health outcome of PDC after their exposure and alignment and their initial position identified according to the different rates of impaction severity. Materials and methods The final sample enrolled 293 PDC which satisfied inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the canines were exposed using CT by the same oral surgeon and orthodontic traction was applied using the easy cuspid device followed by fixed appliance treatment. Image analysis and periodontal status evaluation were performed for all PDCs. Results α -Angle and d -distance showed no significant differences in the periodontal outcome of PDCs after treatment. The only tested variable showing significant differences was S , since canines with CEJ visible at the end of the treatment presented sectors with a mean score of 1.67, which was significantly different ( P < 0.05) when compared to the S -sector for the canines that showed PD < 2 mm at the end of the treatment. Conclusions Radiographic variables as α -Angle and d -distance seem to not influence the periodontal outcome of the treated impacted canine regardless of the amount of gravity. On the contrary, S -sector might play a significant role when higher rates of gravity are present suggesting the possibility in few cases for periodontal damage at the end of treatment.

Changes in canine inclination after rapid and slow maxillary expansion compared to untreated controls

“…Despite RME should not be considered as the elective treatment for PDCs, the use of RME in early mixed dentition for narrow maxillae takes various positive side effects on general health of young patients, 16 so that the number of indications for this treatment strategy might increase 17,18 . Moreover, PDCs might often require late complex treatment with possible negative side effects on the periodontal tissue when surgical exposure of the canine is required before fixed orthodontic treatment 19 and early interceptive treatment might avoid or reduce this chance 20 …”

Surgical-Periodontal aspects in orthodontic traction of palatally displaced canines: a meta-analysis

“…The sample size ranged from 9 [ 31 ] to 293 [ 31 ] PDCs. The total sample of all included studies was composed of 68.7% women and 31.3% men, and of the total of included studies, two did not report the gender of the sample [ 32 , 33 ], and some studies were composed of the same sample [ [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] ] evaluating different outcomes, so these samples were only counted once to estimate the proportion.…”

“…The 14 studies included were composed of 8 randomized clinical studies and 6 retrospective cohort studies. The year of publication ranged from 1976 [ 33 , 38 ] to 2019 [ 32 ]. The characteristics of the studies are available in Table 1 .…”

“…Of the total studies included, eleven studies were selected to perform the meta-analysis. The following outcomes were able to be quantitatively assessed by meta-analytical analysis: Gingival recession [ 32 , 34 , 36 , 43 ], probing pocket depth [ 32 , 36 , 38 , 41 , 43 ] and surgical duration [ 17 , 35 , 39 ].…”

“…Parkin et al [ 34 ] found 20 cases of recession for a total of 62 operated canines (32.26%). On the other hand, Caprioglio et al [ 32 ] found 6 cases for a sample of 293 operated canines (2.05%). These differences may occur due to confounding factors intrinsic to this evaluation, such as the chosen study model (observational studies have less control over these factors), post-orthodontic evaluation time, age, surgical technique for exposure of the impacted canine and its position.…”