Effects of ignitors and turbulence on dust explosions

Explosive decomposition of ethylene oxide at elevated condition: effect of ignition energy, nitrogen dilution, and turbulence

“…Initiation of a flammable mixture by means of pyrotechnic igniters disturbs the quiescent mixture in the neighbourhood of the igniters. This disturbance creates a turbulence level at the beginning of the decomposition flame propagation process resulting in, depending on the ignition energy and mixture reactivity, a variation in the value of various explosion parameters [36]. Therefore, if a dependence of the ignition energy on the explosion severity parameters is found, it will prompt the need for further studies; and 3. to investigate the explosion severity indices (P max and (dP/dt) max ) of pure EO vapour at very high turbulence levels, which would be beyond those present in industrial practice.…”

Flame Propagations of Gasoline-Air Mixtures by Electrostatic Discharge Energies

“…The effects of ignition energy intensities on gas explosions have been done by Bradley et al [5] and Zhen and Leuckel [6]. The energies in the computational studies of Bradley et al [5] were varied between 4.09 mJ and 10.40 mJ, and their results showed that the flame speed in methane-air mixtures was independent of ignition energy.…”

“…The energies in the computational studies of Bradley et al [5] were varied between 4.09 mJ and 10.40 mJ, and their results showed that the flame speed in methane-air mixtures was independent of ignition energy. Zhen and Leuckel [6] have used strong pyrotechnic igniters with different energies from 1 J to 10 kJ in the measurements, and mentioned that the pressure peak was sensitive to the ignition energies.…”

“…Although there are some investigations [1][2][3][4][5][6] reported on the influence of ignition energies and ignition mode, their ignition sources were electric spark not electrostatic discharge(ESD) and, their measurements have been mainly focused on methane, acetylene, LPG not gasoline. One of the most overlooked and preventable ignition sources is electrostatic discharge.…”

Analysis of the flammability properties of solid fuels

“…It is important to remark that some turbulence is going to appear always, since pre-ignition turbulence is necessary for suspending the dust clouds [62]. This turbulence causes different effects on ignition sensitivity parameters or on explosion severity [47].…”