Explosive decomposition of ethylene oxide at elevated condition: effect of ignition energy, nitrogen dilution, and turbulence

Pękalski, Andrzej; Zevenbergen, J.F.; Braithwaite, M.; Lemkowitz, Saul; Pasman, Hans J.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.09.029

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In some cases, nongaseous products of explosion were also observed. The soot was found in the postexplosion mixtures, obtained under a variety of experimental conditions [ 27 ]. The composition of the soot was not analyzed in that case, but poly(ethylene‐oxide) was identified in the nonvolatile residue formed in deflagration of EO vapor [ 28 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass spectrometry of the soot left after ethylene oxide explosion answers some questions on the crash of Polish Air Force Flight 101

Wójcik

2021

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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The Polish TU 154M plane, Polish Air Force Flight 101, had crashed near Smolensk on 10th of April 2010. The crash was investigated by The Interstate Aviation Committee, whose conclusions were questioned by a number of Polish scientists. The cause of the crash still appears to be incompletely documented and requires additional evidence. In this paper, investigations of a solid material eluted from a piece of cloth of one of the victims of the crash are described. High resolution mass spectrometry was applied to analyze the soot left after controlled ethylene oxide (EO) explosions, performed under different conditions. These

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass spectrometry of the soot left after ethylene oxide explosion answers some questions on the crash of Polish Air Force Flight 101

Wójcik

2021

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…It is among the most dangerous chemicals to transport and store in bulk due to its flammability and low ignition energy. 14 In 2019, approximately 116 tons of EtO were emitted into the atmosphere by stationary industrial sources. 15 In the U.S., commercial sterilization and chemical manufacturing industries contributed approximately 44% and 54%, respectively, of industrial EtO emissions to air, for a total of 98% of known EtO emissions from sources.…”

Section: ■ Known Eto Sources and Points Of Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene Oxide: An Air Contaminant of Concern

Yelverton,

Hays,

Rice

2024

ACS EST Air

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Ethylene oxide (EtO) is a colorless, flammable, reactive gas commonly used for sterilization and chemical manufacturing. It has become a contaminant of concern for the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) due to an assessment of its toxicity, which found that EtO is more potent than had been previously understood and which also revised the weight-of-evidence classification of EtO from "probably carcinogenic" to "carcinogenic to humans". With the revised toxicity assessment came findings of increased cancer risk to communities near some facilities that emit EtO to ambient air, including communities with environmental justice (EJ) concerns. To address EtO, the USEPA has conducted intensive research in recent years, centering its attention on measurement and sampling technology development, as well as monitoring of EtO in source emissions, near-source air, and atmospheric environments to further support science-based policy and regulations that reduce harmful impacts to human health. Research efforts by government, academic, and commercial institutions have resulted in the development of novel measurement and monitoring techniques, which has led to more robust characterization of EtO emissions and atmospheric levels across a wide range of concentrations, including trace levels (ppt). This Perspective covers the importance of capturing high quality, analytical measurements of EtO, what is known so far about these measurement technologies, EPA's response to the increasing concerns of EtO contamination, what still needs to be accomplished on the air quality front, and a focus on USEPA research and development moving forward.

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“…A reação de etoxilação ocorre entre o óxido de etileno gasoso (EO) e uma molécula orgânica (iniciador), como os álcoois e ácidos graxos, alquilfenóis, mercaptanas e alquilamidas (Schick, 1987). Devido à instabilidade térmica e à alta reatividade do EO, os processos que lidam com o este geralmente operam em uma faixa de temperatura de 100 a 200 °C e em pressões que vão até aproximadamente 15 kg/cm² (Pekalski, 2005). E vários são os riscos de seu processamento: decomposição da fase líquida devido às altas temperaturas, alta inflamabilidade na presença de ar ou oxigênio, e elevada toxicidade (Gustin, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Controle de segurança para reação de etoxilação em um reator semi-batelada

Souza

Brito

Misael

et al. 2022

RSD

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Os surfactantes não iônicos são importantes produtos químicos, pois são matéria-prima na produção de solventes, detergentes, tintas etc. São produzidos através da reação de etoxilação, realizada em reatores semi-batelada, a partir da reação entre o óxido de etileno e um substrato orgânico, na presença de um catalisador básico como o KOH. Devido à instabilidade e reatividade do óxido de etileno, a etoxilação é uma reação altamente exotérmica, onde se faz necessário a presença de um sistema de troca térmica, com um rigoroso controle de temperatura e pressão para que explosões não ocorram. Neste trabalho, a etoxilação do nonilfenol, para obtenção do nonilfenol 9 EO (nonoxynol 9) foi simulada no Aspen Plus Dynamics® onde foram implementados e avaliados controles de temperatura, pressão e vazão da batelada. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o controle a partir da resposta de ∆P (diferença entre a pressão limite de operação e a pressão real do reator) é eficaz, fazendo com que a pressão do reator permaneça controlada e menor que as pressões limites do sistema ao longo do processo de reação.

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Explosive decomposition of ethylene oxide at elevated condition: effect of ignition energy, nitrogen dilution, and turbulence

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

Mass spectrometry of the soot left after ethylene oxide explosion answers some questions on the crash of Polish Air Force Flight 101

Mass spectrometry of the soot left after ethylene oxide explosion answers some questions on the crash of Polish Air Force Flight 101

Ethylene Oxide: An Air Contaminant of Concern

Controle de segurança para reação de etoxilação em um reator semi-batelada

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