Effects of Id-540 on Averaged Photopalpebral Reflex in Man

Abstract

Abstract-Studieswere carried out to determine the relationship between metabolic and histopathological changes in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats in which an acute exudative inflammation had been induced by alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (alkyl-DBAC, a cationic surfactant). Succinate respiration, Na+-K+-Mg2+ ATPasc activity and ATP, ADP and AMP levels were determined as the index of metabolic changes. Myofascial edematous swelling with the acceleration of succinate oxidation and Na+-K+-Mg2+ ATPase activity was noted at 30 minutes in the inflamed muscle. The ATP level was also transiently reduced . On the other hand, Na+-K-"-Mg2+ ATPase activity and succinate oxidation were inhibited by alkyl-DBAC, at this concentration, in ritro. These results support the possibility that enhancement of energy metabolism is not directly initiated by alkyl-DBAC but may be the result of certain chemical medi ators released by alkyl-DBAC.The enhancement of energy metabolism continued after 1 hour and this energy may initiate leukocyte migration as well as increase vascular permeability and edema.A number of different ionic types of surfactants cause inflammation on the skin (1, 2) and mucous membrane (3) , but the exact mechanism is not understood. In an attempt to investigate the inflammatory action of surfactants , we have pointed out the primary irritation on the skin (4) or mucoua (5) and the effects on active transport in frog skin (6) using a Ikyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (alkyl-DBAC , a cationic surfactant), which can be considered a relatively potent compound when compared with other types of sur factants.Studies have shown that an energy dependent process is involved in the following inflammatory responses: increase in vascular permeability (7 , 8) edema formation (9), release of chemical mediators from mast cells (10, 11), platelets (12, 13) and neutrophiles (14), ADP induced platelet aggregation (15, 16) and phagocytosis of microphages (17, 18).Our preceeding papers dealt with the effects of surfactants, and herein the inflam matory responses induced by alkyl-DBAC are discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS.11aterials

Possible Involvement of Cyclic Amp in Inflammation Induced by a Surfactant

“…Male Wistar rats and the experimental procedures to produce inflammation were essentially the same as those described in the preceeding report (1). Alkyl-DBAC and histamine were intramuscularily injected in one foot at 10 2 M and 200 ,~tgj0.1 ml in saline, respectively, and into the other foot was injected 0.1 ml of saline, and such served as control.…”

“…of energy metabolism in acute exudative inflammation is reportedly induced by alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (alkyl-DBAC), a cationic surfactant, the principal effects of which were an increase in vascular permeability, edema and leukocyte migration (1).…”