Effects of Bordetella pertusiss Components on IgE and IgG1 Responses

Abstract

The effect of dermonecrotic toxin (DNT), fimbrial hemagglutinin (FHA), K-agglutinogen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and pertussigen from Bordetella pertussis on the production of IgE and IgGI antibodies to hen egg albumin (Ea) was investigated in C57BL/6 mice. The IgE antibody contents were determined by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in the skin of Lewis rats, while the IgG I antibody contents were determined by PCA reactions on the skin of mice using sera that had been heated for 3 hr at 56 C to destroy the IgE antibodies. Among the B. pertussis components tested, pertussigen was the most effective adjuvant for increasing the IgE and IgG I antibodies to Ea. LPS also moderately increased both types of antibodies, and FHA slightly increased the IgGI titers. When LPS was given 5 days before Ea, it suppressed both IgE and IgGI titers while FHA had only slight adjuvant action on both type of antibodies.When each of the components was tested for its ability to modify the adjuvant action of pertussigen, it was found that only DNT interfered significantly with the adjuvanticity ofpertussigen when given on the day of immunization with Ea. When the components were given 5 days before Ea, DNT produced significant suppression of only the IgGI response. LPS, FHA, and K-agglutinogen did not significantly affect the adjuvant action of pertussigen, B. pertussis cells excert an adjuvant effect on the production of antibodies in man and animals (32). This ability is shared by the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of most gram-negative bacteria (26), but the adjuvant action of B. pertussis is due not entirely to LPS, but also to a protein called pertussigen by Munoz and coworkers (32) which has been referred to as a leukocytosis-promoting factor (LPF), leukocytosis-promoting factor-hemagglutinin (LPF-HA), histamine-sensitizing factor (HSF), and islet-activating protein (lAP) (6,34,45,51). Pertussigen has the unique property of enhancing the IgE class of immunoglobulins, an effect first observed by Mota (28) employing whole-cell pertussis vaccine. Many investigators have since confirmed the adjuvant action of pertussis vaccine and pertussigen (32). Munoz et al (34) found that as little as 0.1 ng of highly purified crystalline pertussigen increased production of IgE and IgG 1 antibodies to hen egg albumin (Ea).

Molecular Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, and Clinical Manifestations of Respiratory Infections Due toBordetella pertussisand OtherBordetellaSubspecies

“…This is probably due to the presence of transplacentally acquired antibody to PT. PT is a strong adjuvant in several immunologic systems in several animals and humans (14,15,190,235,246,452,453,456,553,561,573,575,578,600,610,649,699,745,746,801,804). This adjuvancy in the experimental-animal model is associated with enhancement of serum antibody responses to other antigens, increased cellular immune responses to various protein antigens, contribution to hyperacute experimental autoallergic encephalomyelitis, and increased anaphylactic sensitivity.…”

Immune suppression and induction of gamma interferon by pertussis toxin

“…If administered a few days before or after antigen, B. pertussis may actually suppress the response. PT preparations have also been reported to augument antibody responses and are particularly effective in priming for enhanced secondary responses (28,33). However, like the B. pertussis whole-cell vaccine, toxin preparations can also markedly suppress antibody responsiveness if the timing of adjuvant and antigen is varied (2,14).…”

“…In particular, this vaccine enhances immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgE antibody responses (27,39). Extracts of B. pertussis enriched in PT activity also augment IgG and IgE antibody responses (24,28,33); however, similar preparations have also been reported to suppress antibody formation. Asakawa (2) demonstrated that the primary antibody responses to either sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) or tetanus toxid were suppressed in mice pretreated with PT.…”

Immunomodulatory and Anti-Viral Activities of Pertussis Toxin and of Its Non-Toxic Derivatives

“…In particular, chemically inactivated B. pertussis has been recognized for years to act as a potent adjuvant of different vaccine preparations [77][78][79]. In the last few years it has become clear that the adiuvanticity of B. pertussis vaccine (composed of chemically inactivated bacteria) and PTX is essentially associated with the nontoxic component of PTX [80,81].…”