Effects of hydrogen peroxide on clearance of formalin‐killed Flavobacterium branchiophilum from the gills of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

Abstract

The effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment on the clearance of formalin‐killed Flavobacterium branchiophilum from the gills of rainbow trout was examined. In untreated control fish, clearance was characterized by a rapid initial phase, with 50% reduction in bacterial antigen in the first 12 h after exposure. The bacteria then cleared more gradually, with total clearance being achieved by 40 h. Treatment of fish with 100 p.p.m. H2O2 did not influence bacterial clearance compared to untreated controls. Exposure for 1 h to H2O2 concentrations ≤ 100 p.p.m. caused no detectable clinical signs or evidence of ultrastructural damage to the respiratory epithelium. However, levels in excess of this caused significant gill damage.

Stability of Hydrogen Peroxide in Aquaria as a Fish Disease Treatment

“…Hydrogen peroxide is being considered as a treatment for Flavobacterium branchiophilum infection (bacterial gill disease, BGD) in fish (Thomassen 1993;Arndt and Wagner 1997;Rach et al 1997;Tort et al 1998;Derksen et al 1999). The etiology of bacterial gill disease is considered to be a combination of a number of factors, including crowding of susceptible fish, chronic water quality problems, presence of suspended particulate matter, and F. branchiophilum.…”

Use of Ox-Aquaculture©for disinfection of live prey and meagre larvae,Argyrosomus regius(Asso, 1801)

“…Finally, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to H 2 O 2 concentrations greater than 100 mg L −1 had an increased ventilatory rate and appeared agitated (Derksen et al . ).…”

“…; Giménez et al . ) and fish (Lumsden, Ostland & Ferguson ; Rach, Gaikowski, Howe & Schreier ; Derksen, Ostland & Ferguson ; Gaikowski, Rach & Ramsay ; Thomas‐Jinu & Goodwin ; Avedaño‐Herrera, Magariños, Irgang & Toranzo ; Giménez, Padrós, Roque, Estévez & Furones ). It is considered a low risk product by US Food and Drug Administration and it is commonly used for the control of mortalities associated with external fungal infections in freshwater fish (Rach, Schreier, Schleis & Gaikowski ) and their eggs, for the control mortalities associated with bacterial gill disease on freshwater salmonids, and for the control of mortalities associated with external columnaris disease in freshwater‐reared coldwater finfish and channel catfish (Schmidt, Gaikowski & Gingerich ).…”

Histological evaluation of sodium percarbonate exposure on the gills of rainbow trout

“…Rainbow trout exposed to ≥100 mg l −1 HP for 1 h displayed epithelial lifting and gill necrosis (Tort et al 2002) which can impair basic gill function including oxygen transport in high exposures (500 mg l −1 ) (Powell & Perry 1997). Derksen et al (1999) attributed epithelial cell swelling in the gills of rainbow trout exposed to HP to the oxidant effect of HP overcoming innate antioxidant defences. Oxidising agents denature the protein components of the outer cell membrane, impairing their permeability and leading to hydropic degradation (Derksen et al 1999).…”

“…Derksen et al (1999) attributed epithelial cell swelling in the gills of rainbow trout exposed to HP to the oxidant effect of HP overcoming innate antioxidant defences. Oxidising agents denature the protein components of the outer cell membrane, impairing their permeability and leading to hydropic degradation (Derksen et al 1999). Thus, the increase in oedema we observed at 250 mg l −1 SPC is likely due to oxidation of surface membranes.…”