Effects of hyaluronic acid sponge as a scaffold on odontoblastic cell line and amputated dental pulp

Abstract

It is important to develop a suitable three-dimensional scaffold for the regeneration therapy of dental pulp. In the present study, the effects of hyaluronic acid (HA) sponge on responses of the odontoblastic cell line (KN-3 cells) in vitro, as well as responses of amputated dental pulp of rat molar in vivo, were examined. In vitro, KN-3 cells adhered to the stable structure of HA sponge and that of collagen sponge. In vivo, dental pulp proliferation and vessel invasion were observed in both sponges implanted at dentin defect area above amputated dental pulp, and the cell-rich reorganizing tissue was observed in the dentin defect when HA sponge was implanted as compared with collagen sponge. Expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in KN-3 cells seeded in HA sponge were nearly the same with those in the cells seeded in collagen sponge, while the numbers (0.67 x 10(3) at 1 week and 0.7 x 10(3) at 3 weeks) of granulated leukocytes that invaded into HA sponge from amputated dental pulp was significantly lower than those (1.22 x 10(3) at 1 week and 1.1 x 10(3) at 3 weeks) of collagen sponge (p < 0.01 at 1 week and p < 0.05 at 3 weeks). These results suggest that HA sponge has an appropriate structure, biocompatibility, and biodegradation for use as a scaffold for dental pulp regeneration.

Biomaterials in Tooth Tissue Engineering: A Review

“…Hyaluronic acid and collagen sponges have shown to induce and sustain dental pulp proliferation and invasion of vessels from amputated dental pulp. Hyaluronic acid sponge induces less inflammatory response compared to collagen sponge [22].…”

Regeneration Approaches for Dental Pulp and Periapical Tissues with Growth Factors, Biomaterials, and Laser Irradiation

“…In vivo results, following implantation of both sponges in dentin defect areas, showed that dental pulp proliferation and invasion of vessels into both sponges were well induced from amputated dental pulp, suggesting that HA sponge has an ability to sustain dental pulp tissue regenerated from residual amputated dental pulp. Furthermore, we found that the inflammatory responses of KN-3 cells and the amputated dental pulp to HA sponge were lower than those against collagen sponge, suggesting that HA sponge has biocompatibility and biodegradation characteristics as well as an appropriate structure to make it suitable for dental pulp regeneration [101] (Figure 8). We also examined the effects of HA gel on neuronal differentiation of PC12 pheochromocytoma cells, which respond to nerve growth factor (NGF) by extending neurites and exhibit a variety of properties of adrenal medullary chromaffin cells.…”

Scaffolds in Regenerative Endodontics: A Review.

“…In comparison with the collagen sponge, the hyaluronic acid sponge can support cell growth in culture and in vivo from the amputated dental pulp of rat molars, with fewer immunologic reactions as shown by expression of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and interleukin-6, as well as leukocyte infiltration. [95] However, when used as an injectable hyaluronic acid gel for soft-tissue augmentation, adverse hypersensitivity reactions were reported, due to impurities and bacterial contamination. [96] Fibrin:-Fibrin consists of the blood proteins fibrinogen and thrombin, which are produced naturally in the body after injury to establish hemostasis and enhance wound healing.…”