“…12 A rich content of growth and trophic factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), FGF, and insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II), which are critical for development, have been identified in human amniotic fluid (HAF). [12][13][14][15] Additionally, hyaluronic acid (HA), hyaluronic acid stimulating activator (HASA), chondroitin-4-and -6-sulphate, dermatan sulphate, and heparan sulphate have been identified in HAF. 12,16 HAF, generally obtained by amniocentesis during the second trimester of gestation, contains high molecular weight HA and HASA in high concentrations.…”