Effects of HIV/AIDS and Microfinance of Women on Income, Medical Expenditures and Schooling in Côte d'Ivoire

Résumé L'objectif de ce papier est d'analyser l'impact économique de la pandémie de COVID‐19 au Cameroun. Pour ce faire, deux extensions du modèle SIR‐macro proposé par Eichenbaum et al. (2020b) sont utilisées. La première extension inscrit le modèle SIR‐macro dans le cadre néoclassique avec concurrence monopolistique; et la deuxième, dans le cadre néokeynésien avec rigidités nominales des prix à la Calvo (1983). Contrairement aux modèles DSGE ou CGE largement utilisés jusqu'ici pour évaluer l'impact économique de la COVID‐19 dans les économies africaines, ces extensions du modèle SIR‐macro combinent le modèle d'épidémiologie SIR (Suseptibles‐Infectious‐Recovered) de McKendrick and Kermack (1927) et le modèle des Cycles Réels (RBC) afin de prendre en compte les décisions économiques des personnes non‐infectées, infectées et guéries de la maladie comme facteurs explicatifs de la propagation de la pandémie. Pour mieux apprécier l'impact de la pandémie actuelle, cette recherche explore trois scénarios. Les résultats révèlent que, quel que soit le scénario considéré, le choc de la COVID‐19 entrainera une récession de l'économie camerounaise sur deux trimestres consécutifs. Sur cette période, l'ampleur de la récession serait légèrement plus prononcée dans le modèle SIR‐macro néokeynésien que dans le modèle SIR‐macro néoclassique.

Section: Revue De La Littératureunclassified

Impact économique de la COVID‐19 au Cameroun: Les résultats du modèle SIR‐macro

Njatang

2021

“…D’Adda et al (2009) explored the interaction between an ACC deaminase‐producing bacterial strain and an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and their effects on cucumber growth under salinity. Fofana et al (2014) studied the evolutionary characteristics and prognostic factors of tetanus at the Point G University Hospital in Bamako, Mali. Glick et al (2009) discussed plant growth promotion by bacterial ACC deaminase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination, treatment and containment policy to reduce the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Morocco

Moustabchir,

Ouakil

2023

This paper presents a susceptible–exposed–infected–quarantined–removed (SEIQR) dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model to evaluate the macroeconomic effects of the current COVID‐19 pandemic. The SEIQR configuration setting is calibrated using COVID‐19 data from Morocco. Using the model, we demonstrate how the pandemic might lead to declining consumption and productivity. We illustrate that a combination of quarantine policy, vaccination and treatment of the uninfected person is more successful than using only one of the policies. The combination lowered the number of infected, exposed and quarantined people. We also assessed the economic effects of multiple strategies.

“…However, empirical studies do not always show that microcredit has a positive effect on women's welfare and empowerment. First, several empirical studies found no effect from microcredit on household income as well as on women's empowerment (e.g., see Coleman, 1999; Crépon, Devoto, Duflo, & Parienté, 2015; Fofana, van Ophem, Niehof, & Antonides, 2014; Goetz & Gupta, 1996; Rahman, 1999). Recently Banerjee, Duflo, Glennerster, and Kinnan (2015) did not find significant differences in health, education, or women's empowerment between the control and treatment groups in a group‐lending microcredit programme in Hyderabad, India.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does microcredit reduce the gender gap in employment? Evidence from Egypt

Arouri

Cuong

2020

In Egypt, there is a remarkable gap between men's and women's participation in the labour market. In this study, we examine the impact of microcredit on the labour supply of men and women and subsequently investigate whether microcredit can reduce the employment gap between men and women in Egypt. We find a negative effect of microcredit on men's employment, but a positive effect on the employment of women. Borrowing from a microcredit source increases the probability of women working by 8.5 percentage points and mainly affects self-employed work. We also find a positive effect of microcredit on work in small businesses. This finding suggests that women can use microcredit to open small shops or household businesses. Finally, using decomposition analysis, we find that microcredit reduces the overall employment gap between men and women by 0.743%. 1 | INTRODUCTION Gender equality is an important sustainable development goal (SDG) that countries throughout the world aim to achieve. There is a positive relationship between gender equality and economic development (e.g., Addison, Grown, & Tarp, 2016; Baliamoune-Lutz & McGillivray, 2009; Duflo, 2012). Yet, there is still a large inequality between men and women in the labour market, especially in Arab societies (Anyanwu & Augustine, 2013; Anyanwu, 2016). In Arab countries, the labour force participation rate for females (age from 15) was only 21% in 2019 (compared with the rate at 74% for males) (World Bank, 2020). A large gender gap in the labour market can result in high gender inequality in economic power and decision making within communities and families. An important question is how to increase women's involvement in economic activities. Women, especially those in poor families, tend to have low education, and as a result find it difficult to get a wage-paying job. Starting a household business is challenging because of credit constraints. Commercial banks are not interested in poor clients because of lack of collateral (Hoff & Stiglitz, 1990; Kochar, 1997). Several empirical studies, such as Muravyev, Talavera, and Schäfer (2009) and Alesina, Lotti, and Mistrulli (2013), found evidence that lenders had a gender bias against female clients. Governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have stepped into the gap and have provided credit to the poor, often at highly subsidized interest rates. There is an increasing number of microcredit programmes targeted at women (e.g., Jayachandran, 2020; Kato & Kratzer, 2013).