Effects of High Temperature and Disinfectants on the Viability of Sarcocystis neurona Sporocysts

Dubey, J. P.; Saville, W. J. A.; Sreekumar, C.; Shen, S. K.; Lindsay, David S.; Pena, Hilda Fátima Jesus; Vianna, M.C.B.; Gennari, Solange Maria; Reed, Stephen M.

doi:10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[1252:eohtad]2.0.co;2

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…detected in deer meat was performed according to the methods of Dubey et al . [ 6 , 9 ]. The parasites were classified into S. wapiti , S. sybillensis , S. hofmanni and others, and the population was found at rates of 63.7, 30.5, 1.0 and 4.8%, respectively ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature, pH and curing on the viability of Sarcocystis, a Japanese sika deer (Cervus Nippon centralis) parasite, and the inactivation of their diarrheal toxin

Honda

Sawaya

Taira

et al. 2018

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Recently, the Sarcocystis parasite in horse and deer meat has been reported to be a causative agent of acute food poisoning, inducing nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Compared with other causative agents, such as bacteria, viruses and other parasites, in deer meat, the Sarcocystis species parasite, including its stability under various conditions, is poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the viability of Sarcocystis spp. and the activity of their diarrhea toxin (a 15-kDa protein) in deer meat under conditions of freezing, cold storage, pH change and curing. In addition, the heat tolerance was assayed using purified bradyzoites. The results showed that the species lost viability by freezing at −20, −30 and −80°C for <1 hr, heating at 70°C for 1 min, alkaline treatment (pH 10.0) for 4 days and addition of salt at 2.0% for <1 day. Immunoblot assays showed that the diarrhea toxin disappeared together with the loss of viability. However, the parasite survived cooling at 0 and 4°C and acidification (pH 3.0 and 5.0) for more than 7 days with the diarrhea toxin intact. These results provide useful information for developing practical applications for the prevention of food poisoning induced by diarrheal toxin of Sarcocystis spp. in deer meat during cooking and preservation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature, pH and curing on the viability of Sarcocystis, a Japanese sika deer (Cervus Nippon centralis) parasite, and the inactivation of their diarrheal toxin

Honda

Sawaya

Taira

et al. 2018

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Enhanced sporocyst survival could occur by multiple possible mechanisms including an increased tolerance to temperature variation, desiccation, ultra-violet light, or salinity. Previous studies have shown that S. neurona sporocysts are able to maintain viability following exposure to elevated temperatures (55 °C), various chemical treatments, and prolonged storage of up to 7 years (Dubey et al, 2002; Elsheikha et al, 2004). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of Sarcocystis neurona strains from opossums (Didelphis virginiana) and intermediate hosts from Central California

Rejmanek

Miller

Grigg

et al. 2010

Veterinary Parasitology

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Sarcocystis neurona is a significant cause of neurological disease in horses and other animals, including the threatened Southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis). Opossums (Didelphis virginiana), the only known definitive hosts for S. neurona in North America, are an introduced species in California. S. neurona DNA isolated from sporocysts and/or infected tissues of 10 opossums, 6 horses, 1 cat, 23 Southern sea otters, and 1 harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) with natural infections was analyzed based on 15 genetic markers, including the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) region; the 25/396 marker; S. neurona surface antigen genes (snSAGs) 2, 3, and 4; and 10 different microsatellites. Based on phylogenetic analysis, most of the S. neurona strains segregated into three genetically distinct groups. Additionally, fifteen S. neurona samples from opossums and several intermediate hosts, including sea otters and horses, were found to be genetically identical across all 15 genetic markers, indicating that fatal encephalitis in Southern sea otters and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) in horses is strongly linked to S. neurona sporocysts shed by opossums.

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“…Filters with pores small enough to remove bacteria from water can also remove sporocysts of Sarcocystis. Chemical disinfection with chlorine or other agents used for water treatments is not effective in killing sporocysts of Sarcocystis (88). Where available, drinking safe bottled water from sealed containers is recommended.…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Infections with Sarcocystis Species

2015

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SUMMARY Recurrent outbreaks of muscular sarcocystosis among tourists visiting islands in Malaysia have focused international attention on sarcocystosis, a disease once considered rare in humans. Sarcocystis species require two hosts, definitive and intermediate, to complete their life cycle. Humans can serve as definitive hosts, with intestinal sarcocystosis for two species acquired from eating undercooked meat: Sarcocystis hominis , from beef, and Sarcocystis suihominis , from pork. Symptoms such as nausea, stomachache, and diarrhea vary widely depending on the number of cysts ingested but appear more severe with pork than with beef. Humans serve as intermediate hosts for Sarcocystis nesbitti , a species with a reptilian definitive host, and possibly other unidentified species, acquired by ingesting sporocysts from feces-contaminated food or water and the environment; infections have an early phase of development in vascular endothelium, with illness that is difficult to diagnose; clinical signs include fever, headache, and myalgia. Subsequent development of intramuscular cysts is characterized by myositis. Presumptive diagnosis based on travel history to tropical regions, elevated serum enzyme levels, and eosinophilia is confirmed by finding sarcocysts in muscle biopsy specimens. There is no vaccine or confirmed effective antiparasitic drug for muscular sarcocystosis, but anti-inflammatory drugs may reduce symptoms. Prevention strategies are also discussed.

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Effects of High Temperature and Disinfectants on the Viability of Sarcocystis neurona Sporocysts

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of temperature, pH and curing on the viability of <i>Sarcocystis,</i> a Japanese sika deer (<i>Cervus Nippon centralis</i>) parasite, and the inactivation of their diarrheal toxin

Effects of temperature, pH and curing on the viability of <i>Sarcocystis,</i> a Japanese sika deer (<i>Cervus Nippon centralis</i>) parasite, and the inactivation of their diarrheal toxin

Molecular characterization of Sarcocystis neurona strains from opossums (Didelphis virginiana) and intermediate hosts from Central California

Human Infections with Sarcocystis Species

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