Effects of high-lignin-loading on thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of bioplastic composites

Dörrstein, Jörg; Scholz, Ronja; Schwarz, Dominik J.; Schieder, Doris; Sieber, Volker; Walther, Frank; Zollfrank, Cordt

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.12.003

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These results are similar to our results obtained for PP with ZnO-lignin filler [14] and correspond well with other reports [35]. Even though lignin is known to negatively impact the mechanical properties of composites [36,37], it was confirmed that in the case of our inorganicorganic fillers (both MgO-lignin and ZnO-lignin) this is not a major issue. The report of Zhou et al [35] provides some information regarding the tensile properties of polypropylene filled with 0-5% of magnesium oxide.…”

Section: Polarized Light Microscopy (Plm)supporting

confidence: 93%

Functional MgO–Lignin Hybrids and Their Application as Fillers for Polypropylene Composites

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inorganic–organic hybrids are a group of materials that have recently become the subject of intense scientific research. They exhibit some of the specific properties of both highly durable inorganic materials (e.g., titanium dioxide, zinc) and organic products with divergent physicochemical traits (e.g., lignin, chitin). This combination results in improved physicochemical, thermal or mechanical properties. Hybrids with defined characteristics can be used as fillers for polymer composites. In this study, three types of filler with different MgO/lignin ratio were used as fillers for polypropylene (PP). The effectiveness of MgO-lignin binding was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The fillers were also tested in terms of thermal stability, dispersive-morphological properties as well as porous structure. Polymer composites containing 3 wt.% of each filler were subjected to wide angle X-ray diffraction tests, differential scanning calorimetry and microscopic studies to define their structure, morphology and thermal properties. Additionally, tensile tests of the composites were performed. It was established that the composition of the filler has a significant influence on the crystallization of polypropylene—either spherulites or transcrystalline layers were formed. The value of Young’s modulus and tensile strength remained unaffected by filler type. However, composites with hybrid fillers exhibited lower elongation at break than unfilled polypropylene.

show abstract

Section: Polarized Light Microscopy (Plm)supporting

confidence: 93%

Functional MgO–Lignin Hybrids and Their Application as Fillers for Polypropylene Composites

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Interestingly enough, all the composites exhibited nearly 30% increase in modulus of elasticity resulting from the addition of lignocellulose fillers and a slightly lower one stemming from the addition of mineral particles. This is probably due to an increase in tensile strength and an increase in internal stresses at the interfaces of the components of the composition during tests [35]. Stresses in the matrix are reinforced by stresses induced by fillers, which are arranged in a different direction in relation to the cross-section.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Biorenewable Composites Based on Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) with Natural Fillers

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to the ubiquity and single-use character of plastic products, their production represents a burden to the environment. Therefore, an increasing interest in biodegradable and bio-compostable materials has been observed in the recent years. Bio-based materials are becoming more and more popular, especially in applications where biodegradability provides an advantage for customers and environment. However, biodegradable materials are more expensive compared with durable plastic materials, so to reduce costs and in order to improve their mechanical properties, biocomposites are created by reinforcement with natural fibers: cellulose, hemp, jute, cotton, etc. This paper is focused on the investigation of the selected group of biocomposites based on poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) with the addition of 15 wt% of various fillers (nanocellulose, walnut shell flour, eggshell flour, and tuff). Thus far, there is limited information concerning comparison of the different natural fillers introduced into the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) matrix. Here, the following mechanical properties were evaluated: the tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, strain at break, flexural modulus, and flexural stress at 3.5% strain. The tensile test was performed at various temperatures (− 24, + 23, and + 60 °C), followed by samples conditioning in water and compost. Thermal behavior of the biocomposites was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The study showed that the value of the elasticity modulus of each composite was higher in comparison with neat poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), at each of the above temperatures. The factor responsible for the enhancement of the mechanical properties of composites (enhancement of the stiffness of the material) was the increase in crystalline phase content in composites. Interestingly, at − 24 °C, all of the analyzed composites exhibited over twofold increase in tensile strength which was accompanied by an almost 30% increase in elastic modulus. This phenomenon likely resulted from an increase in tensile strength and an increase in internal stress at interfaces within the components of the composites during tests. It was also observed that both conditioning in water and degradation in the compost heap led to a considerable decrease in mechanical properties of the examined composites. The scanning electron microscopy analysis, carried out to assess the distribution of particles and the adhesion of fillers to the matrix, revealed that the size and the shape of the particles affected the mechanical properties of the composites.

show abstract

“…As shown in Figure , the crosslinking ability of lignin increased the stiffness of the composite although the tensile strength decreased. At higher temperature, the storage modulus (E′) of lignin‐based composites was higher than neat PP suggesting improved thermal stability . Furthermore, Figure shows that the storage modulus of the composites with MAPP increased indicating that the incorporation of MAPP into PP played a significant role in improving the interaction between lignin and PP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…At higher temperature, the storage modulus (E′) of lignin-based composites was higher than neat PP suggesting improved thermal stability. 50 Furthermore, Figure 2 shows that the storage modulus of the composites with MAPP increased indicating that the incorporation of MAPP into PP played a significant role in improving the interaction between lignin and PP. The loss factor (Tan δ) can be employed to estimate the interfacial properties between the filler and the matrix.…”

Section: Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (Dma)mentioning

confidence: 96%

Development of high bio‐content polypropylene composites with different industrial lignins

Dias

Sain

Cesarino

et al. 2018

Polymers for Advanced Techs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sustainability, eco‐efficiency, pollution prevention, industrial ecology, and green chemistry are considering platform‐based approaches to the development of the next generation of products and processes. Recently, renewable alternatives to traditional petroleum‐derived plastics have motivated recent interest in bio‐based composite materials which can contribute to the reduction of the environmental footprint. Lignin is a complex and amorphous biopolymer with a high density of functional groups and high modulus, which makes it potentially promising for material applications. In this sense, lignin can potentially be employed to improve the performance of materials and an economical alternative to convert lignin into high value‐added materials. Two different types of Kraft lignin were incorporated into polypropylene to fabricate composites with high bio‐content. In this study, polypropylene, Kraft lignin, and coupling agent were subjected to reactive extrusion. The composites prepared by melt processing were compared in terms of morphological, mechanical, and thermal characterizations. The results revealed that the incorporation of lignin into polypropylene matrix resulted in composites with properties suitable for various industrial sectors, especially those in which mechanical and thermal properties are crucial, such as the replacement of engineering plastics and polypropylene mineral filled. As a result, this work provides an effective way of using lignin as a low‐cost bio‐renewable resource in the plastics industry.

show abstract

Effects of high-lignin-loading on thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of bioplastic composites

Cited by 34 publications

References 39 publications

Functional MgO–Lignin Hybrids and Their Application as Fillers for Polypropylene Composites

Functional MgO–Lignin Hybrids and Their Application as Fillers for Polypropylene Composites

Novel Biorenewable Composites Based on Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) with Natural Fillers

Development of high bio‐content polypropylene composites with different industrial lignins

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About