Effects of high intensity interval exercise on cerebrovascular function: A systematic review

Whitaker, Alicen A.; Alwatban, Mohammed; Freemyer, Andrea; Perales‐Puchalt, Jaime; Billinger, Sandra A.

doi:10.1101/2020.04.29.20083808

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…Cardiovascular hemodynamic load dramatically increases with strenuous exercise bouts, challenging CBF regulation. CBF usually increases after short‐term and moderate exercise but decreases as exercise time and intensity increase, thereby attenuating dynamic cerebral autoregulation 64 . Whether a decrease in CBF due to strenuous exercise results in brain oxygenation abnormalities remains disputed, 65 with some reports indicating that oxygen delivery to the mitochondria might be compromised 66 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CBF usually increases after short-term and moderate exercise but decreases as exercise time and intensity increase, thereby attenuating dynamic cerebral autoregulation. 64 Whether a decrease in CBF due to strenuous exercise results in brain oxygenation abnormalities remains disputed, 65 with some reports indicating that oxygen delivery to the mitochondria might be compromised. 66 These acute effects on CBF may be augmented by the stiffening of large arteries 67 that is suggested to occur after long-term strenuous training.…”

Section: Moderate and Intense Exercise Bouts Elicit Different Hemodyn...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intense long‐term training impairs brain health compared with moderate exercise: Experimental evidence and mechanisms

Sangüesa

Batlle

Muñoz‐Moreno

et al. 2022

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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The consequences of extremely intense long-term exercise for brain health remain unknown. We studied the effects of strenuous exercise on brain structure and function, its dose-response relationship, and mechanisms in a rat model of endurance training.Five-week-old male Wistar rats were assigned to moderate (MOD) or intense (INT) exercise or a sedentary (SED) group for 16 weeks. MOD rats showed the highest motivation and learning capacity in operant conditioning experiments; SED and INT presented similar results. In vivo MRI demonstrated enhanced global and regional connectivity efficiency and clustering as well as a higher cerebral blood flow (CBF) in MOD but not INT rats compared with SED. In the cortex, downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation complex IV and AMPK activation denoted mitochondrial dysfunction in INT rats. An imbalance in cortical antioxidant capacity was found between MOD and INT rats. The MOD group showed the lowest hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. The mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory markers were similar in all groups. In conclusion, strenuous long-term exercise yields a lesser improvement in This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Moderate and Intense Exercise Bouts Elicit Different Hemodyn...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intense long‐term training impairs brain health compared with moderate exercise: Experimental evidence and mechanisms

Sangüesa

Batlle

Muñoz‐Moreno

et al. 2022

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…In regards to the impact of HIIT on P ET CO 2 and cerebrovascular reactivity to CO 2 , the literature is scarce. According to a systematic review by Whitaker et al (Whitaker et al, 2020), only one study has reported the chronic effect of HIIT on cerebrovascular reactivity to CO 2 . In that study, 12 weeks of HIIT did not influence cerebrovascular reactivity to CO 2 in breast cancer survivors.…”

Section: Influence Of P Et Co 2 and Cerebrovascular Reactivity To Co ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extensive research has been conducted on HIIT, indicating its relevance in clinical and physiological research with improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness beyond moderate‐intensity continuous training (Calverley et al, 2020; MacInnis & Gibala, 2017; Weston et al, 2014). Although HIIT presents an interesting stimulus for the cardiovascular system, a limited number of studies have focused on its effects on the cerebrovascular system (reviewed in Whitaker et al, 2020). Indeed, recent work by Whitaker et al indicated more research is needed to confirm the acute (Whitaker et al, 2022) and chronic (Whitaker et al, 2020) effects of HIIT on the cerebrovascular function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although HIIT presents an interesting stimulus for the cardiovascular system, a limited number of studies have focused on its effects on the cerebrovascular system (reviewed in Whitaker et al, 2020). Indeed, recent work by Whitaker et al indicated more research is needed to confirm the acute (Whitaker et al, 2022) and chronic (Whitaker et al, 2020) effects of HIIT on the cerebrovascular function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of high‐intensity interval training to exhaustion on the directional sensitivity of the cerebral pressure‐flow relationship in young endurance‐trained men

Abbariki

Roy

Labrecque

et al. 2022

Physiological Reports

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We previously reported subtle dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) alterations following 6 weeks of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) to exhaustion using transfer function analysis (TFA) on forced mean arterial pressure (MAP) oscillations in young endurance‐trained men. However, accumulating evidence suggests the cerebrovasculature better buffers cerebral blood flow changes when MAP acutely increases compared to when MAP acutely decreases. Whether HIIT affects the directional sensitivity of the cerebral pressure‐flow relationship in these athletes is unknown. In 18 endurance‐trained men (age: 27 ± 6 years, VO2max: 55.5 ± 4.7 ml·kg−1·min−1), we evaluated the impact of 6 weeks of HIIT to exhaustion on dCA directionality using induced MAP oscillations during 5‐min 0.05 and 0.10 Hz repeated squat‐stands. We calculated time‐adjusted changes in middle cerebral artery mean blood velocity (MCAv) per change in MAP (ΔMCAvT/ΔMAPT) for each squat transition. Then, we compared averaged ΔMCAvT/ΔMAPT during MAP increases and decreases. Before HIIT, ΔMCAvT/ΔMAPT was comparable between MAP increases and decreases during 0.05 Hz repeated squat‐stands (p = 0.518). During 0.10 Hz repeated squat‐stands, ΔMCAvT/ΔMAPT was lower during MAP increases versus decreases (0.87 ± 0.17 vs. 0.99 ± 0.23 cm·s−1·mmHg−1, p = 0.030). Following HIIT, ΔMCAvT/ΔMAPT was superior during MAP increases over decreases during 0.05 Hz repeated squat‐stands (0.97 ± 0.38 vs. 0.77 ± 0.35 cm·s−1·mmHg−1, p = 0.002). During 0.10 Hz repeated squat‐stands, dCA directional sensitivity disappeared (p = 0.359). These results suggest the potential for HIIT to influence the directional sensitivity of the cerebral pressure‐flow relationship in young endurance‐trained men.

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Proceedings from the Albert Charitable Trust Inaugural Workshop on ‘Understanding the Acute Effects of Exercise on the Brain’

Barnes

Burns

Bamman

et al. 2022

BPL

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An inaugural workshop supported by “The Leo and Anne Albert Charitable Trust,” was held October 4–7, 2019 in Scottsdale, Arizona, to focus on the effects of exercise on the brain and to discuss how physical activity may prevent or delay the onset of aging-related neurodegenerative conditions. The Scientific Program Committee (led by Dr. Jeff Burns) assembled translational, clinical, and basic scientists who research various aspects of the effects of exercise on the body and brain, with the overall goal of gaining a better understanding as to how to delay or prevent neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, research topics included the links between cardiorespiratory fitness, cerebro-vasculature, energy etabolism, peripheral organs, and cognitive function, which are all highly relevant to understanding the effects of acute and chronic exercise on the brain. The Albert Trust workshop participants addressed these and related topics, as well as how other lifestyle interventions, such as diet, affect age-related cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. This report provides a synopsis of the presentations and discussions by the participants, and a delineation of the next steps towards advancing our understanding of the effects of exercise on the aging brain.

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Effects of high intensity interval exercise on cerebrovascular function: A systematic review

Cited by 5 publications

References 71 publications

Intense long‐term training impairs brain health compared with moderate exercise: Experimental evidence and mechanisms

Intense long‐term training impairs brain health compared with moderate exercise: Experimental evidence and mechanisms

Influence of high‐intensity interval training to exhaustion on the directional sensitivity of the cerebral pressure‐flow relationship in young endurance‐trained men

Proceedings from the Albert Charitable Trust Inaugural Workshop on ‘Understanding the Acute Effects of Exercise on the Brain’

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