Effects of high-intensity and blood flow-restricted low-intensity resistance training on carotid arterial compliance: role of blood pressure during training sessions

Abstract

We examined the effects of high-intensity resistance training (HIT) and low-intensity blood flow-restricted (LI-BFR) resistance training on carotid arterial compliance. Nineteen young men were randomly divided into HIT (n = 9) or LI-BFR (n = 10) groups. The HIT and LI-BFR groups performed 75 and 30 %, respectively, of one-repetition maximum (1-RM) bench press exercise, 3 days per week for 6 weeks. During the training sessions, the LI-BFR group wore elastic cuffs around the most proximal region of both arms. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), 1-RM strength, and carotid arterial compliance were measured before and 3 days after the final training session. Acute changes in systolic arterial pressure (SAP), plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitrite/nitrate (NOx), and noradrenalin concentrations were also measured during and after a bout of training session. The training led to significant increases (P < 0.01) in bench press 1-RM and arm and chest muscle CSA in the two training groups. Carotid arterial compliance decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the HIT group, but not in the LI-BFR group. There was a significant correlation (r = -0.533, P < 0.05) between the change in carotid arterial compliance and the acute change in SAP during training sessions; however, ET-1 and NOx did not correlate with carotid arterial compliance. Our results suggest that muscle CSA and strength increased following 6 weeks of both HIT and LI-BFR training. However, carotid arterial compliance decreased in only the HIT group, and the changes were correlated with SAP elevations during exercise sessions.

The Effects of Blood Flow Restriction on Upper-Body Musculature Located Distal and Proximal to Applied Pressure

“…This demonstrates a potentially greater increase in strength from neural adaptations and is supported by other studies reporting greater 1RM strength after high-load training [39,48]. Only one study compared isometric testing at the conclusion of low-load BFR training with that of high-load training [45].…”

“…A total of 19 articles were found meeting all inclusion criteria [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] (Tables 1, 2, 3). A meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively compare increases in muscle size and strength occurring from low-load BFR training with that of volume-matched unrestricted low-load training (i.e., the same protocol in the absence of the BFR stimulus).…”

“…Ozaki et al [39] Control group performed high-load training Sakamaki et al [40] Control group performed no exercise Takarada et al [41] No standard deviations were presented …”

Resistance Exercise Performed at Different Degrees of Arterial Occlusion Pressure does not Induce Prolonged Oxidative Stress or Muscle Damage

“…Thus, it is worth noting many of the previous BFR studies performed BFR exercise at high volumes (75 reps) [39] or until failure [40]. This is a limitation of the present study, which applied an exercise volume of only 40 reps.…”

Effect of KAATSU training on thigh muscle size and safety for a patient with knee meniscectomy over 3 years

“…In general, traditional high-intensity exercise training (≥ 70% 1-repetition maximum: 1RM) improves skeletal muscle morphology and function (ACSM, 2009), but it appears that this method is not practical and may even be dangerous in patients with knee meniscectomy. On the other hand, KAATSU training (≤ 30% 1RM) can produce muscle hypertrophy and does not decrease vascular function (Ozaki et al, 2013;Yasuda et al, 2015;Yasuda et al, 2016). Additionally, recent studies Hiraizumi et al, 2016) reported that KAATSU training is quite useful as a rehabilitation method in disorder of bone (femoral head avascular necrosis, femoral medial condyle osteonecrosis).…”