Effects of high hydrochloric acid concentration on aniline chemical polymerization

Morales, Gustavo M.; Llusa, Marcos; Miras, M.C.; Barbero, C.

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(97)82751-6

Cited by 46 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…At pH 8 the concentration of proton is too low to allow a significant reaction rate. This is in agreement with the pH effect observed in monomeric quinonediimines [64].…”

Section: Addition Of Sulfinic Anionssupporting

confidence: 91%

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Organic Chemistry of Polyanilines: Tailoring Properties to Technological Applications~!2008-08-19~!2008-09-11~!2008-11-28~!

Miras¹,

Acevedo²,

Monge³

et al. 2008

TOMACROJ

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Abstract:The use of organic chemistry reactions to introduce additional functional groups on polyanilines is described. Among the reactions discussed are: electrophilic aromatic substitution, nucleophilic addition to the aromatic rings, nucleophilic substitution on the amine groups and reactions on pendant groups. The use of combinatorial chemistry techniques, by coupling of combinatorially synthesised diazonium salts with polyaniline, to produce a functionalized polyanilines library is also reviewed. The modification of polyaniline introduces or alters different properties of the materials: solubility, self-doping and redox coupled ion exchange. The tailoring of those properties to technical applications is therefore examined.

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“…At pH 8 the concentration of proton is too low to allow a significant reaction rate. This is in agreement with the pH effect observed in monomeric quinonediimines [64].…”

Section: Addition Of Sulfinic Anionssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…It is known that polymerization of aniline in hydrochloric acid, at concentrations above 2 M, render a polyaniline containing covalently linked chlorine atoms [64]. The most likely mechanism involve the nucleophilic addition of chloride ions to the quinonimine units of polyaniline.…”

Section: Addition Of Chloride Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Chemistry of Polyanilines: Tailoring Properties to Technological Applications~!2008-08-19~!2008-09-11~!2008-11-28~!

Miras¹,

Acevedo²,

Monge³

et al. 2008

TOMACROJ

Self Cite

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“…The relative participation of carbon and nitrogen in PANI base is thus increased, at the expense of the lower content of chlorine. We can see that some chlorine remains in PANI base even after deprotonation, indicating a partial benzene-ring substitution with chlorine [24]. The content of covalently bound chlorine is higher when the oxidation of aniline hydrochloride takes place in excess HCl (Table 5).…”

Section: Elemental Compositionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Polyaniline. Preparation of a conducting polymer(IUPAC Technical Report)

Stejskal

Gilbert

2002

Pure and Applied Chemistry

1,231

569

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Eight persons from five institutions in different countries carried out polymerizations of aniline following the same preparation protocol. In a "standard" procedure, aniline hydrochloride was oxidized with ammonium peroxydisulfate in aqueous medium at ambient temperature. The yield of polyaniline was higher than 90 % in all cases. The electrical conductivity of polyaniline hydrochloride thus prepared was 4.4 ± 1.7 S cm-1 (average of 59 samples), measured at room temperature. A product with defined electrical properties could be obtained in various laboratories by following the same synthetic procedure. The influence of reduced reaction temperature and increased acidity of the polymerization medium on polyaniline conductivity were also addressed. The conductivity changes occurring during the storage of polyaniline were monitored. The density of polyaniline hydrochloride was 1.329 g cm-3. The average conductivity of corresponding polyaniline bases was 1.4 x108 S cm-1, the density being 1.245 g cm-1. Additional changes in the conductivity take place during storage. Aging is more pronounced in powders than in compressed samples. As far as aging effects are concerned, their assessment is relative. The observed reduction in the conductivity by ~10 % after more than one-year storage is large but, compared with the low conductivity of corresponding polyaniline (PANI) base, such a change is negligible. For most applications, an acceptable level of conductivity may be maintained throughout the expected lifetime.

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“…Os principais parâmetros que afetam o curso da polimerização e as propriedades do produto final basicamente são resumidos na natureza do agente oxidante, na natureza do ácido e na temperatura do meio reacional [ 40,41] .…”

Section: Características Da Polianilina (Pani)unclassified

“…Para concentrações superiores de HCl, a alta acidez acelera a hidrólise das cadeias da polianilina [ 40,41,50] .…”

Section: Os Derivados Da Pani E a Poli(o-metoxianilina) (Poma)unclassified

Estudos de XRD e SAXS aplicados à Polianilina e à Poli(o-metoxianilina)

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Effects of high hydrochloric acid concentration on aniline chemical polymerization

Cited by 46 publications

References 8 publications

Organic Chemistry of Polyanilines: Tailoring Properties to Technological Applications~!2008-08-19~!2008-09-11~!2008-11-28~!

Organic Chemistry of Polyanilines: Tailoring Properties to Technological Applications~!2008-08-19~!2008-09-11~!2008-11-28~!

Polyaniline. Preparation of a conducting polymer(IUPAC Technical Report)

Estudos de XRD e SAXS aplicados à Polianilina e à Poli(o-metoxianilina)

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