Effects of High and Low Environmental Temperatures on Clinical Course of Fowl Cholera in Turkeys

Simensen, E.; Ld, Olson; Gl, Hahn

doi:10.2307/1589959

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Primary infection with respiratory viruses or with Mycoplasma species also predisposes animals to secondary infection with P. multocida and/or M. haemolytica (176,(182)(183)(184)(185)(186). Environmental conditions, stress, and the overall health of the animal also appear to play important roles in disease severity and likelihood of transmission (147,187,188).…”

Section: Pasteurella Disease In Animals Pasteurellosis Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Pasteurella multocida: from Zoonosis to Cellular Microbiology

2013

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SUMMARY In a world where most emerging and reemerging infectious diseases are zoonotic in nature and our contacts with both domestic and wild animals abound, there is growing awareness of the potential for human acquisition of animal diseases. Like other Pasteurellaceae , Pasteurella species are highly prevalent among animal populations, where they are often found as part of the normal microbiota of the oral, nasopharyngeal, and upper respiratory tracts. Many Pasteurella species are opportunistic pathogens that can cause endemic disease and are associated increasingly with epizootic outbreaks. Zoonotic transmission to humans usually occurs through animal bites or contact with nasal secretions, with P. multocida being the most prevalent isolate observed in human infections. Here we review recent comparative genomics and molecular pathogenesis studies that have advanced our understanding of the multiple virulence mechanisms employed by Pasteurella species to establish acute and chronic infections. We also summarize efforts being explored to enhance our ability to rapidly and accurately identify and distinguish among clinical isolates and to control pasteurellosis by improved development of new vaccines and treatment regimens.

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Section: Pasteurella Disease In Animals Pasteurellosis Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Pasteurella multocida: from Zoonosis to Cellular Microbiology

2013

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“…Other factors which have been reported to affect the severity and incidence of the disease include environmental factors (e.g. crowding), climate (85), concurrent disease (19), nutritional stress (23) and age of the host (50). Age markedly influences the outcome of infection, at least in chickens, where birds less than sixteen weeks old are relatively resistant.…”

Section: Description Of the Aetiological Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fowl cholera

Christensen¹,

Bisgaard²

2000

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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Pasteurella multocida subspecies multocida is the most common cause of fowl cholera, although P. multocida subspecies septica and gallicida may also cause fowl cholera-like disease to some extent. However, the virulence properties of the different subspecies for various hosts have not been elucidated. The seventy and incidence of P. multocida infections may vary considerably depending on several factors associated with the host (including species and age of infected birds), the environment and the bacterial strain. No single virulence factor has been associated with the observed variation in virulence among strains. Possible virulence factors include the following: the capsule, endotoxin, outer membrane proteins, iron binding systems, heat shock proteins, neuraminidase production and antibody cleaving enzymes. No RTX toxins (repeats in toxin) appear to be produced by P. multocida, but P. multocida exotoxin (PMT) could contribute to virulence in some avian infections. The epidemiology of fowl cholera appears complex. Traditional serotyping systems are only of limited use in epidemiological studies. In recent years, molecular typing methods have been applied to avian strains of P. multocida of different origin. The results obtained using these newer methods indicate that wild birds may be a source of infection to commercial poultry. Documentation suggesting that mammals play a similar role is not as comprehensive, but the possibility cannot be excluded. Carrier birds seem to play a major role in the transmission of cholera. Surviving birds from diseased flocks appear to represent a risk, but more recent investigations indicate that carriers of P. multocida may exist within poultry flocks with no history of previous outbreaks of fowl cholera. The significance of this awaits further investigation.

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“…Since hauling delayed the onset of depression and severity of fowl cholera similar to that which occurred in inoculated turkeys maintained at high environmental temperatures (Simensen et al 1980a), it is possible that both hauling and high environmental temperatures acted through common mechanisms in accordance with the concept of the general adaption syndrome (Selye, 1950).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of Prior Hauling on Pathogenesis of Pasteurella multocida in Turkeys

Simensen

Olson

1981

Poultry Science

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Turkeys were hauled in a truck and exposed to Pasteurella multocida in the drinking water. The clinical course of fowl cholera was modified in hauled turkeys as compared to unhauled turkeys by delaying the onset of depression and reducing the severity of the disease. In unhauled turkeys, there was a marked increase in mortality in the first experiment and a marked increase in depression at the end of the second experiment. In both experiments average cloacal temperature was higher during the first 5 days after inoculation in unhauled than in hauled turkeys. On the day after hauling, plasma corticosterone concentration decreased in both hauled and unhauled turkeys.

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Effects of High and Low Environmental Temperatures on Clinical Course of Fowl Cholera in Turkeys

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

Pasteurella multocida: from Zoonosis to Cellular Microbiology

Pasteurella multocida: from Zoonosis to Cellular Microbiology

Fowl cholera

Influence of Prior Hauling on Pathogenesis of Pasteurella multocida in Turkeys

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