Effects of group arguments on rumor belief and transmission in online communities: An information cascade and group polarization perspective

A Systematic Review on Fake News Themes Reported in Literature

“…Consequently, social media users will share information to gain social approval and to build their image [12]. Recent studies have shown that certain false information can be strengthened if it belongs to the individuals in the same social environment [23]. The real power lies with those certain individuals who are more vocal or influential [24].…”

“…1. Articles discussing the sub-categories of the spreading of fake news associated with the information [23]. Social media users' influence among peers enhance the impact and spreading of all types of information [25].…”

“…The lack of related information in online communities could lead to individuals sharing the information based on the opinions and behaviours of others [23]. Some studies show that social media users will seek out or share information that reaffirms their beliefs or attitudes [18].…”

“…Facebook, becomes a measuring tool for the quality of information, which could make social media users more willing to share the information if the information has received multiple likes [30]. Social media users' belief in certain information depends on the number of postings or "re-Tweets" by other social media users who are involved in their social media sphere [23]. One article mentioned that the false news spreading process can be related to the patterns of the distribution of news among social media users [31].…”

“…This "endorsing" behaviour results in the spreading of misleading information [25]. It is also known as the "herding" behaviour and is common among social media where individuals review and comment on certain items [23]. It is also referred to as the "bandwagon effect" where individuals blindly concentrate on certain information based on perceived trends [32].…”