Effects of Grain and Pore Size on Salt Precipitation During Evaporation from Porous Media

Rad, Mansoureh Norouzi; Shokri, Nima; Keshmiri, Amir; Withers, Philip J.

doi:10.1007/s11242-015-0515-8

Cited by 59 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…We have used pore-scale images obtained by 3D X-ray micro-tomography of a real sand pack 32 as the simulation domain. The 2D image that was used for simulation in the present study is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights on the complex dynamics of two-phase flow in porous media under intermediate-wet conditions

Rabbani

Niasar

Pak

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Multiphase flow in porous media is important in a number of environmental and industrial applications such as soil remediation, CO2 sequestration, and enhanced oil recovery. Wetting properties control flow of immiscible fluids in porous media and fluids distribution in the pore space. In contrast to the strong and weak wet conditions, pore-scale physics of immiscible displacement under intermediate-wet conditions is less understood. This study reports the results of a series of two-dimensional high-resolution direct numerical simulations with the aim of understanding the pore-scale dynamics of two-phase immiscible fluid flow under intermediate-wet conditions. Our results show that for intermediate-wet porous media, pore geometry has a strong influence on interface dynamics, leading to co-existence of concave and convex interfaces. Intermediate wettability leads to various interfacial movements which are not identified under imbibition or drainage conditions. These pore-scale events significantly influence macro-scale flow behaviour causing the counter-intuitive decline in recovery of the defending fluid from weak imbibition to intermediate-wet conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights on the complex dynamics of two-phase flow in porous media under intermediate-wet conditions

Rabbani

Niasar

Pak

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…Previous experiments related to the salt effects on the soil conditions and their hydrologic characteristics are summarized in Table . In these studies, the complex interactions between evaporation processes, soil salt distribution and the infiltration characteristics were mentioned and discussed (Shokri, ; Norouzi Rad & Shokri, ; Rad, Shokri, Keshmiri, & Withers, ; Dai, Shin, & Santamarina, ; Shokri Kuehni, Vetter, Webb, & Shokri, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water flow and salt transport in bare saline‐sodic soils subjected to evaporation and intermittent irrigation with saline/distilled water

Liu

She

2019

Land Degrad Dev

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Sustainable development of coastal reclamation areas is severely restricted by the high soil salt content and irrigation water salinity. We investigated the water flow and salt transport in open soil columns subjected to evaporation and intermittent irrigation with saline/distilled water by long-term wetting-drying cycles. The study included two different soil materials (silt loam and silty clay) with four to five soil sodicity levels. Three groups of experiments with three replicates were imposed: silt loam × 5 sodicity level, silty clay × 5 sodicity level, and 2 soil textures × 5 irrigation water qualities. Three irrigations were conducted in Spring to early Autumn (March 2, June 30, and September 8), whereas the soil columns were subjected to the natural evaporation without rainfall throughout the period September 9 to March 1. The average daily soil evaporation rate significantly decreased with the soil clay content (pr = −0.55; P < 0.001), soil exchangeable sodium percentage (pr = −0.54; P < 0.001), and irrigation water salinity (pr = −0.32; P < 0.001). The soil properties were the major factors responsible for controlling evaporation, whereas the irrigation water salinity was the less important factor. Soil salt distribution was significantly affected by the soil clay content (pr = 0.82; P < 0.001), soil depth (pr = 0.68; P < 0.05), soil exchangeable sodium percentage (pr = 0.85; P < 0.001), and irrigation water salinity (pr = 0.37; P < 0.001). The magnitudes of the steady-state infiltration rate i c and soil saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks were largely reduced by wetting-drying cycles, especially for the silty clay. Understanding water flow and salt transport in salinesodic soils subjected to evaporation and intermittent irrigation with saline/distilled water is important for improving the soil desalination project and strategy.

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“…Drying of saturated porous media is a widely studied phenomenon owing to its relevance to soil mechanics, food production, carbon dioxide sequestration, etc. (Rad et al 2015;Eloukabi et al 2013;Shahidzadeh-Bonn et al 2007;Yiotis et al 2003;Coussot 2000). Recently, it also received significant attention from the fields of building physics and cultural heritage conservation (Desarnaud et al 2015;Derluyn et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This then leads to the counterintuitive result that the total drying time can be longer at a low relative humidity. Other than environmental conditions, salt crystallization is also affected by the nature of the salt and the porous material, like its porosity, pore size distribution, and wetting properties (Rad et al 2015;Eloukabi et al 2013;Bergstad and Shokri 2016;Bergstad et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drying of Salt Solutions from Porous Media: Effect of Surfactants

2018

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The evaporation of salt (NaCl) solutions from porous media is studied in the presence of surfactants, because surfactants are often used as cleaning agents for salt-contaminated stones. We show that, contrary to what is commonly assumed, the presence of the surfactant and the changed wetting properties do not affect the drying kinetics: The impact of the surfactants is rather that of a crystallization modifier for the salt. Upon adding a cationic or nonionic surfactant to salt solution, the drying rate is unchanged initially, but can slow down dramatically at later times due to the formation of a salt crust at the surface. When this happens, the total drying time increases compared to pure NaCl solutions without surfactants, at least for very porous stones for which the pores become completely blocked. Surprisingly, for a low-porosity stone the small pores at the surface remain open. The longer drying time for the large porosity stone increases the risk of, e.g., frost or fungal damage to the stones. Consequently, the use of surfactants in conservation treatments should be done with caution.

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Effects of Grain and Pore Size on Salt Precipitation During Evaporation from Porous Media

Cited by 59 publications

References 38 publications

New insights on the complex dynamics of two-phase flow in porous media under intermediate-wet conditions

New insights on the complex dynamics of two-phase flow in porous media under intermediate-wet conditions

Water flow and salt transport in bare saline‐sodic soils subjected to evaporation and intermittent irrigation with saline/distilled water

Drying of Salt Solutions from Porous Media: Effect of Surfactants

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