Effects of Gizzard Shad and Threadfin Shad on Zooplankton and Young-of-Year White Crappie Production

Guest, William; Drenner, Ray W.; Threlkeld, Stephen T.; Martin, F. Douglas; Smith, J. Durward

doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1990)119<0529:eogsat>2.3.co;2

Cited by 41 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In the last comprehensive fish survey conducted on this lake (Bull et al, 1995), a large percentage of fish biomass also was comprised of threadfin shad (Dorosoma petenense), whose larval and adult forms are voracious planktivores. Adult shad can function both as filter feeders and visual predators, affecting a wide range of zooplankton and phytoplankton size classes (Holanov & Tash, 1978;Guest et al, 1990). concluded ''it is likely that adult crustacean zooplankton populations in Lake Okeechobee are more strongly controlled by the grazing activities of planktivores than by food limitation.''…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zooplankton response to extreme drought in a large subtropical lake

Havens

East

Beaver³

2007

Hydrobiologia

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Plankton data from 1997 to 2005 were used to examine impacts of a managed drawdown, subsequent drought and resulting historic low water levels (during 2000 and 2001) on the zooplankton of Lake Okeechobee, Florida. Prior to the drought the lake supported less than 150 ha of submerged vegetation. Following the drought, over 15,000 ha of submerged vegetation developed around the lake shore and conditions favored greater survival of age 0 fish. The zooplankton changed significantly from the pre-to post-drought period, including: (a) a near-complete loss of all dominant species of cladocerans and rotifers; and (b) an abrupt transition to a community with over 80% of total biomass comprised of Arctodiaptomus dorsalis, a calanoid copepod previously described as being resistant to fish predation. These changes persisted over a 5 year post-drought sampling period. In contrast, there were no systematic changes in biomass of bacteria, phytoplankton, inedible cyanobacteria, algal cell size, suspended solids, or any other physical or chemical attributes known to affect zooplankton in shallow lakes. Evidence points towards increased predation by fish, and perhaps invertebrates, as factors responsible for loss of cladocerans and rotifers following the drought, and indicates a need for future research to link changes in water level to shifts in predation pressure in this and other shallow lakes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zooplankton response to extreme drought in a large subtropical lake

Havens

East

Beaver³

2007

Hydrobiologia

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“…In addtion, the potential for D. lumholtzi to directly impact small obligate planktivores is limited by temporal segregation. Larval ®sh densities typically peak in May or June (Guest et al 1990;Dettmers and Stein 1992;Welker et al 1994) and predation pressure on zooplankton is highest when ®sh larvae are abundant. In midwestern waters, D. lumholtzi overwinters as resting eggs and does not appear until early summer, peaking in abundance in July (Kolar et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daphnid morphology deters fish predators

Kolar

Wahl²

1998

Oecologia

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Spine and helmet production in zooplankton are thought to provide protection from invertebrate rather than vertebrate predators. We examined selectivity for Daphnia lumholtzi, a species that exhibits extreme cyclomorphosis with a large helmet and long tail spine (total length can exceed 5 mm), by juvenile bluegill (15-80 mm) in the laboratory and field. Bluegill consumed more D. pulex than D. lumholtzi when the species were presented alone. When the daphnids were offered together in equal numbers, bluegill selected against D. lumholtzi. Bluegill foraging behavior helped explain the observed nonrandom feeding. Bluegill capture efficiency foraging on D. pulex was high (85-100%) and handling times were low (usually too short to detect), whereas efficiencies were lower (40-96%) and handling times were longer (1-3 s) when foraging on D. lumholtzi, particularly for fish <50 mm. As they gained experience, bluegill <50 mm that oriented towards D. lumholtzi rejected them more often than striking. In addition, more D. lumholtzi were rejected and expelled than were D. pulex. From these experiments, we conclude that larger bluegill (>50 mm) are able to forage more successfully on D. lumholtzi than smaller fish. Selectivity by bluegill collected from a reservoir infested with D. lumholtzi verified our laboratory conclusions. Smaller bluegill selected against D. lumholtzi, whereas it was a preferred diet item for bluegill >50 mm. These results show that the morphology of D. lumholtzi interferes with predation by small planktivorous fish, posing foraging constraints for these fish more similar to those of piscivores, where handling time is important, than to those of planktivores, where prey density is of primary importance.

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“…(2) Age-0 threadfin shad (Dorosoma petenense) and gizzard shad (D. cepedianum) may compromise growth and survival of other sympatric age-0 fishes such as sunfish (Lepomis spp.) and white crappie (Pomoxis annularis) through exploitative competition for zooplankton (Guest et al 1990, DeVries and Stein 1992. To test the hypothesis that Dorosoma spp.…”

Section: Empirical Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Star Charts to Stoneflies: Detecting Relationships in Continuous Bivariate Data

Garvey

Marschall

Wright

1998

Ecology

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Abstract. Within many ecological systems, relationships between controlling factors and associated response variables are complex. In many cases, the response should vary little when the controlling factor exerts strong effects. Conversely, when the effect of the controlling factor is weak or absent, the response may vary greatly with effects of other factors. Correlation or regression analyses often may not be appropriate for testing these relationships, because variance of the response changes with values of the controlling factor. We suggest using a technique from the astronomy literature, a two-dimensional Kolmogorov-Smirnov (2DKS) test, to detect relationships in bivariate data with these patterns of variance. This technique successfully identified simulated bivariate data composed of paired independent values as having nonsignificant relationships and simulated bivariate data in which mean and variance of y was constrained at high levels of x as having significant relationships. Using these simulations and examples from aquatic and terrestrial systems, we demonstrate that the 2DKS is a robust test for detecting nonrandom patterns in bivariate distributions that commonly arise in many ecological systems.

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Effects of Gizzard Shad and Threadfin Shad on Zooplankton and Young-of-Year White Crappie Production

Cited by 41 publications

References 13 publications

Zooplankton response to extreme drought in a large subtropical lake

Zooplankton response to extreme drought in a large subtropical lake

Daphnid morphology deters fish predators

From Star Charts to Stoneflies: Detecting Relationships in Continuous Bivariate Data

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