Effects of General Anaesthesia and Severity of Surgical Stress on Serum Lh and Testosterone in Males

Nakashima, Akira; Koshiyama, Kenichiro; Uozumi, Tohru; Monden, Yasumasa; Hamanaka, Y; Kurachi, Kiyotaka; Aono, Toshihiro; Mizutani, Shutaro; Matsumoto, Keīichi

doi:10.1530/acta.0.0780258

Cited by 83 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In previous studies, surgical [2,29,36,50], physical [11,13,28,38,39], and social stress [43][44][45] resulted in decreased plasma levels of gonadotropins, inhibin and/or testosterone in humans, male primates and rats. However, in the present study, plasma levels of inhibin significantly increased on day 3 after vasectomy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Effect of Short Period Vasectomy on FSH, LH, Inhibin and Testosterone Secretions, and Sperm Motility in Adult Male Rats

et al. 2011

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The present study was undertaken to clarify changes in secretions of FSH, LH, inhibin and testosterone, and sperm motility after bilateral vasectomy in adult male rats. Bilateral vasectomy was created surgically (treated group) and intact rats were used as control (control group). On days 3,5,7,14,30, 60, and 90 after surgery, plasma concentrations of FSH, LH, inhibin, and testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay, and sperm motility characteristics were measured by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). The results show that weights of epididymides significantly increased in vasectomized rats as compared to control rats. Histologically, damage to spermatogenesis was observed in vasectomized rats. Multinucleated giant cells were observed in the lumen of some seminiferous tubules, and there were degenerative spermatids in the epididymides of vasectomized rats. Plasma levels of LH, FSH, and testosterone only decreased on day 3 after vasectomy; however, plasma levels of ir-inhibin significantly increased on day 3 after vasectomy. In addition, the sperm motility parameters, straight-line velocity, curvilinear velocity, deviation of the sperm head from the mean trajectory and the maximum amplitude of lateral head displacement were decreased from day 60 after vasectomy. These results suggest that vasectomy reduces sperm motility starting from day 60 after vasectomy, and early bilateral vasectomy does not strongly affect the endocrine function of the testis, though it may result in damage to spermatogenesis in vasectomized rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Effect of Short Period Vasectomy on FSH, LH, Inhibin and Testosterone Secretions, and Sperm Motility in Adult Male Rats

et al. 2011

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“…However, concentrations of ir-inhibin in the testicular interstitial fluid were significantly higher than in the control group until 3 days after the operation. Surgical [40,41], physical [42][43][44][45][46][47], and social [48][49][50] stress can result in an acute decline in plasma l e v e l s o f g o n a d o t r o p i n s , i n h i b i n , a n d / o r testosterone in adult male rats [51,52]. However, it must be pointed out that the expected reciprocal relationship between plasma FSH and inhibin B levels following early cryptorchidism in mature rats is clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Experimental Cryptorchidism on Sperm Motility and Testicular Endocrinology in Adult Male Rats

Ren

Medan

Ozu

et al. 2006

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. The effect of induced cryptorchidism on testicular function and sperm motility was investigated. Bilateral cryptorchidism was created surgically in adult male rats (treated group), and sham-operated rats were used as a control group. Five rats from each group were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after surgery. The percentage of motile spermatozoa began to decrease 1 day after the operation, followed by an abrupt decline 3 and 5 days later in cryptorchid rats. Furthermore, there were significant decreases in the other sperm motility parameters 5 days after inducement of cryptorchidism. In cryptorchid rats, plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, testosterone, and inhibin B were significantly lower than in the control group 1 day after the operation. Thereafter, plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, and testosterone gradually increased in the cryptorchid rats. On the other hand, plasma concentrations of inhibin B showed a further decline from day 3 after the operation onward. Concentrations of immunoreactive (ir)-inhibin, but not testosterone, in testicular interstitial fluid were remarkably increased until 3 days after surgery in the cryptorchid rats, and declined thereafter. Testicular response to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for testosterone release was decreased in the cryptorchid rats compared with the control rats, indicating that heat stress to testes resulted in a reduction of the activity of Leydig cells and Sertoli cells. These results clearly indicate that heat stress to the testes resulted in a significant reduction of sperm activity within 3 days, and this was followed by changes in testicular endocrine function. Key words: Cryptorchidism, Heat stress, Inhibin B, Sperm motility, Testosterone (J. Reprod. Dev. 52: [219][220][221][222][223][224][225][226][227][228] 2006) ormal testicular descent is dependent on a series of complex endocrine and mechanical interactions [1]. In most mammalian species, the testis is kept approximately 4-5 C below body temperature. This lower temperature has been shown to be important for normal germ cell development and testicular function [2,3]. A slight increase in testicular temperature for a short period results in a rapid loss of mature germ cells [4,5], and the number of primary spermatocytes and spermatids drops rapidly [6]. In the field of animal production, summer sterility is a serious problem especially in male domestic animals, such as pigs, cattle, and stallions. In the rat, testicular damage caused by cryptorchidism is reversible, if the

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“…These patients already had low plasma testosterone concentrations, which were further suppressed during the administration of dexamethasone given for diagnostic reasons. Other manifestations of stress, including anesthesia, surgery, anticipation of battle, or training stress show the same reciprocal relationship of glucocorticoid rise and testosterone decrease [15].…”

Section: Stress and Leydig Cell Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid mechanisms of glucocorticoid signaling in the Leydig cell☆

Lian

Lin

et al. 2008

Steroids

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Stress-mediated elevations in circulating glucocorticoid levels lead to corresponding rapid declines in testosterone production by Leydig cells in the testis. In previous studies we have established that glucocorticoids act on Leydig cells directly, through the classic glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and that access to the GR is controlled prior to the GR by a metabolizing pathway mediated by the type 1 isoform of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD1). This enzyme is bidirectional (with both oxidase and reductase activities) and in the rat testis is exclusively localized in Leydig cells where it is abundantly expressed and may catalyze the oxidative inactivation of glucocorticoids. The predominant reductase direction of 11βHSD1 activity in liver cells is determined by an enzyme, hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PDH), on the luminal side of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). Generation of the pyridine nucleotide cofactor NADPH by H6PDH stimulates the reductase direction of 11βHSD1 resulting in increased levels of active glucocorticoids in liver cells. Unlike liver cells, steroidogenic enzymes including 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 (17βHSD3) forms the coupling with 11βHSD1. Thus the physiological concentrations of androstenedione serve as a substrate for 17βHSD3 utilizing NADPH to generate NADP+, which drives 11βHSD1 in Leydig cells primarily as an oxidase; thus eliminating the adverse effects of glucocorticoids on testosterone production. At the same time 11βHSD1 generates NADPH which promotes testosterone biosynthesis by stimulating 17βHSD3 in a cooperative cycle. This enzymatic coupling constitutes a rapid mechanism for modulating glucocorticoid control of testosterone biosynthesis. Under stress conditions, glucocorticoids also have rapid actions to suppress cAMP formation thus to lower testosterone production.

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Effects of General Anaesthesia and Severity of Surgical Stress on Serum Lh and Testosterone in Males

Cited by 83 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of Short Period Vasectomy on FSH, LH, Inhibin and Testosterone Secretions, and Sperm Motility in Adult Male Rats

Effect of Short Period Vasectomy on FSH, LH, Inhibin and Testosterone Secretions, and Sperm Motility in Adult Male Rats

Effects of Experimental Cryptorchidism on Sperm Motility and Testicular Endocrinology in Adult Male Rats

Rapid mechanisms of glucocorticoid signaling in the Leydig cell☆

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