Effects of Gender on the Association of Urinary Phthalate Metabolites with Thyroid Hormones in Children: A Prospective Cohort Study in Taiwan

Weng, Tsui-Wei; Chen, Mei-Huei; Lien, Guang-Wen; Chen, Pai‐Shan; Lin, Jasper Chia-Cheng; Fang, Cheng-Chung; Chen, Pau‐Chung

doi:10.3390/ijerph14020123

Cited by 47 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Influence of age or gender on phthalate metabolism has been described by Koch et al, detecting higher levels of oxidised metabolites in children than in adults [ 45 ]. Gender-specific changes in girls and boys have been reported regarding phthalate metabolites and thyroid hormones [ 46 ], and markers of peripubertal metabolic homeostasis [ 47 ], respectively. Slight differences were observed in our study between women and men, however, these were not statistically significant and, therefore, are not discussed further.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excretion of Urinary Metabolites of the Phthalate Esters DEP and DEHP in 16 Volunteers after Inhalation and Dermal Exposure

Krais

Andersen

Eriksson

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Phthalate esters are suspected endocrine disruptors that are found in a wide range of applications. The aim of this study was to determine the excretion of urinary metabolites in 16 individuals after inhalation and/or dermal exposure to 100–300 µg/m3 of deuterium-labelled diethyl phthalate (D4-DEP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (D4-DEHP). Dermal exposure in this study represents a case with clean clothing acting as a barrier. After inhalation, D4-DEP and D4-DEHP metabolites were excreted rapidly, though inter-individual variation was high. D4-DEP excretion peaked 3.3 h (T½ of 2.1 h) after combined inhalation and dermal exposure, with total excreted metabolite levels ranging from 0.055 to 2.351 nmol/nmol/m3 (nmol of urinary metabolites per phthalates air concentration in (nmol/m3)). After dermal exposure to D4-DEP, metabolite excretion peaked 4.6 h (T½ of 2.7 h) after exposure, with excreted metabolite levels in between 0.017 and 0.223 nmol/nmol/m3. After combined inhalation and dermal exposure to D4-DEHP, the excretion of all five analysed metabolites peaked after 4.7 h on average (T½ of 4.8 h), and metabolite levels ranged from 0.072 to 1.105 nmol/nmol/m3 between participants. No dermal uptake of particle phase D4-DEHP was observed. In conclusion, the average excreted levels of metabolites after combined inhalation and dermal exposure to D4-DEP was three times higher than after combined exposure to D4-DEHP; and nine times higher than after dermal exposure of D4-DEP. This study was made possible due to the use of novel approaches, i.e., the use of labelled phthalate esters to avoid the background concentration, and innovative technique of phthalate generation, both in the particle and the gas phase.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excretion of Urinary Metabolites of the Phthalate Esters DEP and DEHP in 16 Volunteers after Inhalation and Dermal Exposure

Krais

Andersen

Eriksson

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…[ 39 ] Since 2016, research hotspots of BPA and thyroid hormones switched to “prenatal exposure” “pregnant women” and “children”. [ 40 , 41 ] The trend of BPA and thyroid hormones with the change in time was studied to preface some new orientations in this field.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bisphenol A and thyroid hormones

Yuan¹,

Wang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2020

Medicine

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Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical which can cause potential health risks and interfere with thyroid hormones through multiple avenues. This study aimed to evaluate the hotspots and emerging trends on BPA and thyroid hormones by using a bibliometric method. Publications related on BPA and thyroid hormones were downloaded from Science Citation Index-Expanded database. Annual outputs, high yield journals, countries, institutions, authors and their cited times were summarized. In addition, keywords co-occurrence, burst references and citation networks were bibliometric analyzed. From 2000 to 2019, 418 articles were published. Both of the Environment International and Environmental Health Perspectives , United States, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Antonia M. Calafat were the most recorded journals, countries, institutions and authors, respectively. The main research area was Toxicology. In addition of the retrieve term “bisphenol-a” and “thyroid-hormone”, “in-vitro”, “exposure” and “endocrine disruptors”, were the hotspot keywords and “triclosan”, “oxidative stress” and “united-states” were the most recent trends keywords. “Thyroid hormone action is disrupted by Bisphenol A as an antagonist” published on The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism by Kenji Moriyama in 2002 got both the highest burst score and citation score. Six groups were clustered and the mechanism of BPA's effect on thyroid hormones, and the exposure of BPA and potential risks in children and pregnant women were the two main large fields. The number of publications in the field of BPA and thyroid hormones has increased tremendously since 2000. The research hotspot ranged from mechanism researches in animal models to epidemiological studies. “Thyroid hormone action is disrupted by bisphenol A as an antagonist” of Kenji Moriyama provided important building blocks in the field. The impact of BPA on thyroid hormones, especially pregnant women and children, was the latest research frontiers and might be the future direction of this filed in the following years.

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“…Urinary phthalates are cross-sectionally associated with lower fT4 and higher TSH ( 99 , 113 , 114 ). One study has found an inverse association between non-DEHP and fT4 in girls only ( 113 ) and another study has reported inverse associations between DEHP concentrations and fT4 in girls ( 115 ). In the later, urinary concentrations of dibutyl phthalate have been inversely associated with fT3 in boys ( 115 ).…”

Section: Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study has found an inverse association between non-DEHP and fT4 in girls only ( 113 ) and another study has reported inverse associations between DEHP concentrations and fT4 in girls ( 115 ). In the later, urinary concentrations of dibutyl phthalate have been inversely associated with fT3 in boys ( 115 ). Higher concentrations of phthalates in maternal prenatal urine samples have been associated with lower thyroid hormones ( 116 ).…”

Section: Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption in Thyroid Signaling Pathway: A Mechanism for the Effect of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals on Child Neurodevelopment

2018

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Thyroid hormones are crucial in normal brain development. Transient and mild thyroid hormone insufficiency in pregnancy is also associated with impaired neurodevelopment in the offspring (e.g., 3–4 IQ score loss in association with maternal free thyroxine in the lowest fifth percentile). While inadequate iodine intake remains the most common underlying cause of mild thyroid hormone insufficiency in vulnerable populations including pregnant women, other factors such as exposure to environmental contaminants have recently attracted increasing attention, in particular in interaction with iodine deficiency. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are natural and synthetic substances with ubiquitous exposure in children and adults including pregnant women. EDCs interfere, temporarily or permanently, with hormonal signaling pathways in the endocrine system by binding to hormone receptors and modifying gene expression. Other mechanisms involve alterations in production, metabolism, and transfer of hormones. Experimental studies have shown that exposures to EDCs affect various brain processes such as neurogenesis, neural differentiation and migration, as well as neural connectivity. Neuroimaging studies confirm brain morphological abnormalities (e.g., cortical thinning) consistent with neurodevelopmental impairments as a result of EDC exposures at standard use levels. In this review, we provide an overview of present findings from toxicological and human studies on the anti-thyroid effect of EDCs with a specific attention to fetal and early childhood exposure. This brief overview highlights the need for additional multidisciplinary studies with a focus on thyroid disruption as an underlying mechanism for developmental neurotoxicity of EDC, which can provide insight into modifiable risk factors of developmental delays in children.

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Effects of Gender on the Association of Urinary Phthalate Metabolites with Thyroid Hormones in Children: A Prospective Cohort Study in Taiwan

Cited by 47 publications

References 31 publications

Excretion of Urinary Metabolites of the Phthalate Esters DEP and DEHP in 16 Volunteers after Inhalation and Dermal Exposure

Excretion of Urinary Metabolites of the Phthalate Esters DEP and DEHP in 16 Volunteers after Inhalation and Dermal Exposure

Bisphenol A and thyroid hormones

Disruption in Thyroid Signaling Pathway: A Mechanism for the Effect of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals on Child Neurodevelopment

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