Effects of gastrointestinal motility on obesity

Fu, Xiaoyi; Li, Ze; Zhang, Na; Yu, Haitao; Wang, Shuran; Liu, Jia-Ren

doi:10.1186/1743-7075-11-3

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies showed that the absorption of nutrients occurs mostly in the proximal intestine, and few nutrients reach the ileum [ 33 ]. Furthermore, a HFD reduces the motility of the duodenum [ 34 ]. This decrease in motility may have been sustained by the increase in the density of (inhibitory) nitrergic neurons in the present study (Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal and neuronal myenteric adaptations in the small intestine induced by a high-fat diet in mice

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe prevalence of obesity has increased at alarming rates, particularly because of the increased consumption of high-fat diets (HFDs). The influence of HFDs on intrinsic innervation and the intestinal wall has not been fully characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate the morpho-quantitative aspects of myenteric neurons and the wall of the small intestine in mice fed a HFD.MethodsSwiss mice were fed a HFD (59% kcal from fat) or standard chow (9% Kcal from fat) for 8 weeks. Segments of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were subjected to histological processing for morpho-quantitative examination of the intestinal wall and mucosal cells, and immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate myenteric neurons. The data for each segment were compared between the groups using an unpaired Student’s t-test or an equivalent nonparametric test.ResultsThe HFD increased body weight and visceral fat and decreased the length of the small intestine and the circumference of the ileum. In the duodenum, the HFD increased the density of the nitrergic subpopulation and decreased the area of nitrergic neurons and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) varicosities. In the jejunum, the density of the nitrergic subpopulation was increased and the neuronal areas of the general population, nitrergic subpopulation and (VIP) varicosities were reduced. In the ileum, the density of the general population and nitrergic subpopulation were increased and the neuronal areas of the general population, nitrergic subpopulation and (VIP) varicosities were reduced. The morphometric parameters of the villi, crypts, muscular layer and total wall generally increased in the duodenum and jejunum and decreased in the ileum. In the duodenum and jejunum, the HFD promoted a decreased in the proportion of intraepithelial lymphocytes. In the ileum, the proportion of intraepithelial lymphocytes and goblet cells reduced, and the enteroendocrine cells increased.ConclusionsThe high-fat diet induces changes in the myenteric innervation of the small intestine, intestinal wall and mucosal cells responsible for the secretion of hormones and maintenance of the protective intestinal barrier. The morpho-quantitative data provide a basis for further studies to clarify the influence of HFD in the motility, digestive and absorptive capacity, and intestinal barrier.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal and neuronal myenteric adaptations in the small intestine induced by a high-fat diet in mice

et al. 2015

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“…Thus, loss of ICCs and disruption to their networks are likely to play an important role in various gastrointestinal motility disorders in patients and animal models[ 11 ]. As a receptor tyrosine kinase, c-kit was used as a marker of ICC[ 19 ]. In this study, the protein and gene expression levels of c-Kit and SCF in the smooth muscle layers of gastric antrum and corpus were examined using western blotting and RT-PCR analyses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 15 , 18 ] Furthermore, c-kit is considered to be a marker to identify ICCs, as a previous study demonstrated that ICCs express c-kit and that all c-kit cells expressed by GIT are ICCs. [ 19 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NPs/NPRs Signaling Pathways May Be Involved in Depression-Induced Loss of Gastric ICC by Decreasing the Production of mSCF

et al. 2016

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It is well known that natriuretic peptides (NPs) are involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are the pacemaker cells of gastrointestinal motility and gastrointestinal dyskinesia is one of the important digestive tract symptoms of depression. However, it is unclear whether they are involved in depression-induced loss of ICC. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the natriuretic peptide signaling pathway and depression-induced loss of gastric ICC in depressed rats. These results showed that the expression of c-kit and stem cell factor (SCF) in smooth muscle layers of stomach were down-regulated in depressed rats at the mRNA and protein levels. The expression of natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-A, B and C were up-regulated in the stomach of depressed rats at the mRNA and protein levels. NPR-A, B and C can significantly decrease the expression of SCF to treat cultured gastric smooth muscle cells (GSMCs) obtained from normal rats with different concentrations of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). Pretreatment of cultured GSMCs with 8-Brom-cGMP (8-Br-cGMP, a membrane permeable cGMP analog), cANF (a specific NPR-C agonist) and CNP (10−6 mol/L) demonstrated that 8-Br-cGMP had a similar effect as CNP, but treatment with cANF did not. The results of the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay indicated that high concentrations of cANF (10−6 mol/L) restrained the proliferation of cultured GSMCs. Taken together, these results indicate that the up-regulation of the NPs/NPR-C and NPs/NPR-A, B/cGMP signaling pathways may be involved in depression-induced loss of gastric ICC.

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“…The endpoint of phenol red transit in small intestine was visualized by adding a few drops of 0.5 M sodium hydroxide. The intestinal transit for each rat was determined by the following formula 31 :…”

Section: Measurements After Euthanasiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of gut microbiota by spent coffee grounds attenuates diet‐induced metabolic syndrome in rats

et al. 2020

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Coffee brewing produces spent coffee grounds as waste; few studies have investigated the health benefits of these grounds. This study investigated responses to spent coffee grounds in a diet‐induced rat model of metabolic syndrome. Male Wistar rats aged 8‐9 weeks were fed either corn starch‐rich diet or high‐carbohydrate, high‐fat diet for 16 weeks, which were supplemented with 5% spent coffee grounds during the last 8 weeks. Rats fed non‐supplemented diets were used as controls. High‐carbohydrate, high‐fat diet‐fed rats developed metabolic syndrome including abdominal obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular and liver damage. Body weight, abdominal fat, total body fat mass, systolic blood pressure, and concentrations of plasma triglycerides and non‐esterified fatty acids were reduced by spent coffee grounds along with improved glucose tolerance and structure and function of heart and liver. Spent coffee grounds increased the diversity of the gut microbiota and decreased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. Changes in gut microbiota correlated with the reduction in obesity and improvement in glucose tolerance and systolic blood pressure. These findings indicate that intervention with spent coffee grounds may be useful for managing obesity and metabolic syndrome by altering the gut microbiota, thus increasing the value of this food waste.

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Effects of gastrointestinal motility on obesity

Cited by 35 publications

References 41 publications

Intestinal and neuronal myenteric adaptations in the small intestine induced by a high-fat diet in mice

Intestinal and neuronal myenteric adaptations in the small intestine induced by a high-fat diet in mice

NPs/NPRs Signaling Pathways May Be Involved in Depression-Induced Loss of Gastric ICC by Decreasing the Production of mSCF

Modulation of gut microbiota by spent coffee grounds attenuates diet‐induced metabolic syndrome in rats

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