Effects of fungal enzyme preparations on hydrolysis and subsequent degradation of alfalfa hay fiber by mixed rumen microorganisms in vitro

Nsereko, V. L.; Morgavi, Diego; Rode, L. M.; Beauchemin, K. A.; McAllister, Tim A.

doi:10.1016/s0377-8401(00)00225-x

Cited by 97 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For example, Tang et al (2008), proved that fibrolytic enzymes supplementation increased in vitro digestibility of dry matter and in vitro organic matter digestibility of maize stover, maize stover silage, rice straw and wheat straw. The exogenous enzymes that improve fibrolytic activity favor the access of ruminal microbes to the cell wall matrix, thus favoring fiber digestion (Nsereko et al 2000). Cellulose and hemicellulose are the main polysaccharides that form part of the cell wall (Hindrichsen et al 2006).…”

Section: Food Transformation Before Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen microorganisms and fermentation

et al. 2014

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RESUMENEl rumen es un ecosistema complejo donde los nutrientes consumidos por los rumiantes son digeridos mediante un proceso de fermentación realizado por los microorganismos ruminales (bacterias, protozoos y hongos). Dichos microorganismos están en simbiosis, debido a su capacidad de adaptación e interacción, y mientras el rumiante proporciona el ambiente necesario para su establecimiento estos proporcionan energía al animal, la que proviene de los productos finales de la fermentación. Dentro del rumen, los microorganismos coexisten en un entorno reducido y a un pH cercano a la neutralidad. Estos microorganismos fermentan los sustratos presentes en la dieta del rumiante (azúcares, proteínas y lípidos). Sin embargo, el proceso de fermentación no es 100% eficaz, ya que durante la fermentación existen pérdidas de energía, principalmente en forma de gas metano (CH 4 ), el que representa un problema medioambiental, ya que es un gas de efecto invernadero. Por consiguiente, para mejorar la eficiencia de los sistemas de producción de rumiantes se han establecido estrategias nutricionales que tienen como objetivo manipular la fermentación ruminal mediante el uso de aditivos en la dieta, como monensina, sebo, tampones, compuestos de nitrógeno, probióticos, etc. Estos aditivos permiten cambiar el proceso de fermentación y mejorar la eficiencia animal, además disminuyen la pérdida de energía. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar los procesos fermentativos que tienen lugar en el rumen y aplicar los fundamentos de estos en el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias nutricionales que pudieran ayudar a mejorar los procesos de digestión, de manera que se alcance una máxima producción.Palabras clave: aditivos, microorganismos ruminales, simbiosis. SUMMARYThe rumen consists of a complex ecosystem where nutrients consumed by ruminants are digested by fermentation process, which is executed by diverse microorganisms such as bacteria, protozoa, and fungi. A symbiotic relationship is found among different groups of microorganisms due to the diverse nature of these microbial species and their adaptability and interactions also coexist. The ruminant provides the necessary environment for the establishment of such microorganisms, while the microorganisms obtain energy from the host animal from microbial fermentation end products. Within the ruminal ecosystem, the microorganisms coexist in a reduced environment and pH remains close to neutral. Rumen microorganisms are involved in the fermentation of substrates contained in thedietof the animals (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids). However, the fermentation process is not 100% effective because there are energy losses mainly in the form of methane gas (CH 4 ), which is a problem for the environment since it is a greenhouse gas. In order to improve the efficiency of ruminant production systems, nutritional strategies that aim to manipulate ruminal fermentation using additives in the diet such as monensin, tallow, buffers, nitrogen compounds, probiotics, and others have been used. These additi...

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Section: Food Transformation Before Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen microorganisms and fermentation

et al. 2014

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“…In addition, Wang et al (2001) did not observe higher DM or NDF disappearance of alfalfa hay after 48 h of incubation when enzymes were applied 24 h before feeding. According to Nsereko et al (2000), most of the release of reducing sugars from high DM feeds as a result of the addition of EFE occurs within 2 h after application. The enzyme-mediated increase in NDF and ADF disappearance after 24 h of incubation in our batch culture study also supports the contention that applying enzymes 2 h before feeding provides sufficient time for the hydrolysis of sugars from plant cell walls.…”

Section: Rusitecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fibrolytic enzymes added to a Andropogon gayanus grass silage-concentrate diet on rumen fermentation in batch cultures and the artificial rumen (Rusitec)

Ribeiro

Gonçalves

Pereira

et al. 2015

Animal

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In vitro batch cultures were used to screen four fibrolytic enzyme mixtures at two dosages added to a 60 : 40 silage : concentrate diet containing the C 4 tropical grass Andropogon gayanus grass ensiled at two maturities -vegetative stage (VS) and flowering stage (FS). Based on these studies, one enzyme mixture was selected to treat the same diets and evaluate its impact on fermentation using an artificial rumen (Rusitec). In vitro batch cultures were conducted as a completely randomized design with two runs, four replicates per run and 12 treatments in a factorial arrangement (four enzyme mixtures × three doses). Enzyme additives (E1, E2, E3 and E4) were commercial products and contained a range of endoglucanase, exoglucanase and xylanase activities. Enzymes were added to the complete diet 2 h before incubation at 0, 2 and 4 μl/g of dry matter (DM). Gas production (GP) was measured after 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h of incubation. Disappearance of DM (DMD), NDF (NDFD) and ADF (ADFD) were determined after 24 and 48 h. For all four enzyme mixtures, a dosage effect (P < 0.05) was observed for NDFD and ADFD after 24 h and for DMD, NDFD and ADFD after 48 h of incubation of the VS diet. For the FS diet, a dosage effect was observed for GP and NDFD after 24 h and for GP, DMD, NDFD and ADFD after 48 h of incubation. There was no difference among enzyme mixtures nor was there an enzyme × dose interaction for the studied parameters. Because of the greatest numerical effect on NDF disappearance and the least cost price, enzyme mixture E2 at 4 µl/g of diet DM was selected for the Rusitec experiment. The enzyme did not impact (P > 0.05) DM, N, NDF or ADF disappearance after 48 h of incubation nor daily ammonia-N, volatile fatty acids or CH 4 production. However, enzyme application increased (P < 0.05) microbial N production in feed particle-associated (loosely-associated) and silage feed particle-bound (firmly associated) fractions. With A. gayanus silage diets, degradation may not be limited by microbial colonization, but rather by the ability of fibrolytic enzymes to degrade plant cell walls within this recalcitrant forage.

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“…The complexity and diversity of both the plant fibres present in ruminants' diets and the diversity of the enzymes required for their degradation explain why the search for a single critical enzymatic activity that increases digestibility has so far proved elusive. Notwithstanding, enzymes hydrolysing hemicelluloses are often positively correlated to increases in substrate degradation, e.g., xylanase and esterase activities (Nsereko et al, 2000b;Colombatto et al, 2003b;Yu et al, 2005). Exogenous ferulic acid esterase and arabinofuranosidase have been shown to act in synergy with xylanases and cellulases (Yu et al, 2003;Koukiekolo et al, 2005).…”

Section: Exogenous Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of ‘natural’ products as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives in ruminant production

Jouany

Morgavi

2007

Animal

244

162

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The banning in 2006 of the use of antibiotics as animal growth promoters in the European Union has increased demand from producers for alternative feed additives that can be used to improve animal production. This review gives an overview of the most common non-antibiotic feed additives already being used or that could potentially be used in ruminant nutrition. Probiotics, dicarboxylic acids, enzymes and plant-derived products including saponins, tannins and essential oils are presented. The known modes of action and effects of these additives on feed digestion and more especially on rumen fermentations are described. Their utility and limitations in field conditions for modern ruminant production systems and their compliance with the current legislation are also discussed.

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Effects of fungal enzyme preparations on hydrolysis and subsequent degradation of alfalfa hay fiber by mixed rumen microorganisms in vitro

Cited by 97 publications

References 23 publications

Rumen microorganisms and fermentation

Rumen microorganisms and fermentation

Effect of fibrolytic enzymes added to a Andropogon gayanus grass silage-concentrate diet on rumen fermentation in batch cultures and the artificial rumen (Rusitec)

Use of ‘natural’ products as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives in ruminant production

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