Effects of friction stir spot welding parameters on morphology and mechanical property of modified cast nylon 6 joints produced by double-pin tool

Yan, Yinfei; Shen, Yifu; Zhang, Wei; Guan, Wei

doi:10.1007/s00170-017-0306-1

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…(10, 11) that the maximum lap shear force is obtained at dwell time 60 s for 2050 rpm and 80 s for 1350 rpm. This variation of lap shear force with time is due to that long dwell time helps the heat generation and material mixture, but extreme dwell time can cause material extrusion and cavity generation which agree with previous findings [20].…”

Section: The Effect Of Dwell Timesupporting

confidence: 92%

Experimental Study of the Feasibility of Friction Stir Spot Welding in Polyethylene

B.khalifa

Kamal

Naga

2019

Engineering Research Journal

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Friction stir spot welding (FSSW), as a solid state joining process, shows great potential to be a replacement of single-point joining processes. However, the possible application of FSSW in polymers needs more attention. In the present paper, experimental studies have been conducted to explore the feasibility of welding polymers by FSSW. The investigation is applied on the most popular polymer, the polyethylene (PE), under different operating conditions. Plunging depth, and dwell time at two different tool rotational speeds have been taken as varying parameters. The effect of the welding parameters on the strength of welded joints has been determined by lap shear test. The temperature in the welding material zone during dwell time has also been recorded to investigate the effect of the duration of dwell time on the heat generation during welding. The results confirm that FSSW can be applied to PE and that the tool rotational speed, plunging depth, and dwell time are important in the joint formation and its strength.

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Section: The Effect Of Dwell Timesupporting

confidence: 92%

Experimental Study of the Feasibility of Friction Stir Spot Welding in Polyethylene

B.khalifa

Kamal

Naga

2019

Engineering Research Journal

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“…Force applied during the dwell phase when load-control is involved in the process [15,29,[42][43][44][45]48,49,51,52] A graphical representation of the ranges analyzed in different references for the tool rotation speed, welding speed, tool tilt angle and pin geometry is depicted in Figure 12. The comparison in Figure 12a indicates a general consistency concerning the tool rotation speed as most of the studies focused the range 1000-2000 RPM.…”

Section: Geometry Tool Probe Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plunge Rate Speed of the tool during the plunging phase upon reaching the penetration depth [49,75,[78][79][80] Rotation speed Speed of the tool during the plunging and dwell phases [49,79,[81][82][83] Phases Length Pre-heating time Period of material pre-heating by slight plunging of the tool over the upper sheet [49,79,[81][82][83] Dwell time time elapsing since the tool has reached the final penetration depth and start of cooling. During this period, the tool plunge is stopped while the tool continues to rotate [49,75,78,80,82] Cooling time Period during which the tool is fully stopped (no plunging and rotation take place) [49,[81][82][83]…”

Section: Category Process Parameter Brief Description Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction Stir Welding and Friction Spot Stir Welding Processes of Polymers—State of the Art

2020

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In the last decade, the friction stir welding of polymers has been increasingly investigated by the means of more and more sophisticated approaches. Since the early studies, which were aimed at proving the feasibility of the process for polymers and identifying suitable processing windows, great improvements have been achieved. This owes to the increasing care of academic researchers and industrial demands. These improvements have their roots in the promising results from pioneer studies; however, they are also the fruits of the adoption of more comprehensive approaches and the multidisciplinary analyses of results. The introduction of instrumented machines has enabled the online measurement of processing loads and temperature, and critical understanding of the principal aspects affecting the material flow and welds quality. Such improvements are also clearly demonstrated by the increase of the strength of recent joints (up to 99% of joining efficiency) as compared to those reached in early researches (almost 47%). This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent progresses on the process fundamentals, quality assessment and the influence of process parameters on the mechanical behavior. In addition, emphasis is given to new developments and future perspectives.

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“…Several review articles, overview articles, and book chapters have been written on the FSW of thermoplastic polymers and polymer composites, and their research highlights are summarized in Table 1. Several thermoplastic materials (PETG [22], ABS [23], PE [24][25][26], PA6 [27], PC [28], PP [29,30]) and their composites [31][32][33] have been studied. The feasibility of the FSW and FSSW techniques for thermoplastic materials have been assessed in comparison to other joining methods by several earlier studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Optimal Welding Conditions for Friction Stir Welding of Thermoplastic Polymers and Their Composites

et al. 2021

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Friction stir welding (FSW) and friction stir spot welding (FSSW) techniques are becoming widely popular joining techniques because of their increasing potential applications in automotive, aerospace, and other structural industries. These techniques have not only successfully joined similar and dissimilar metal and polymer parts but have also successfully developed polymer-metallic hybrid joints. This study classifies the literature available on the FSW and FSSW of thermoplastic polymers and polymer composites on the basis of joining materials (similar or dissimilar), joint configurations, tooling conditions, medium conditions, and study types. It provides a state-of-the-art and detailed review of the experimental studies available on the FSW and FSSW between similar thermoplastics. The mechanical properties of FSW (butt- and lap-joint configurations) and FSSW weld joints depend on various factors. These factors include the welding process parameters (tool rotational speed, tool traverse speed, tool tilt angle, etc.), base material, tool geometry (pin and shoulder size, pin profile, etc.) and tool material, and medium conditions (submerged, non-submerged, heat-assisted tooling, cooling-assisted tooling). Because of the dependence on many factors, it is difficult to optimize the welding conditions to obtain a high-quality weld joint with superior mechanical properties. The general guidelines are established by reviewing the available literature. These guidelines, if followed, will help to achieve high-quality weld joints with least defects and superior mechanical properties. Apart from parametric-based studies, the statistical-based studies (e.g., analysis of variance (ANOVA)-based studies) are covered, which helps with the determination of the influential parameters that affect the FSW and FSSW weld joint strength. Also, the optimal ranges of the most influential process parameters for different thermoplastic materials are established. The current work on the development of general guidelines and determination of influential parameters and their operating ranges from published literature can help with designing smart future experimental studies for obtaining the global optimum welding conditions. The gaps in the available literature and recommendations for future studies are also discussed.

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Effects of friction stir spot welding parameters on morphology and mechanical property of modified cast nylon 6 joints produced by double-pin tool

Cited by 29 publications

References 31 publications

Experimental Study of the Feasibility of Friction Stir Spot Welding in Polyethylene

Experimental Study of the Feasibility of Friction Stir Spot Welding in Polyethylene

Friction Stir Welding and Friction Spot Stir Welding Processes of Polymers—State of the Art

A Comprehensive Review on Optimal Welding Conditions for Friction Stir Welding of Thermoplastic Polymers and Their Composites

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