Effects of Fresh Watermelon Consumption on the Acute Satiety Response and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Adults

Lum, Tiffany; Connolly, Megan E.; Marx, Amanda; Beidler, Joshua; Hooshmand, Shirin; Kern, Mark; Liu, Changqi; Hong, Mee Young

doi:10.3390/nu11030595

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…( 34 ) , who applied arginine supplementation (3 g day –1 ) in prediabetic patients for 8 weeks. However, watermelon consumption (2 cups day –1 ) by overweight or obese subjects for 4 weeks did not change the antioxidant enzyme ( 35 ) . Most of the available animal studies have revealed the positive effects of citrulline, arginine and watermelon on the levels of antioxidant enzymes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Oxidative stress and nitrate/nitrite (NOx) status following citrulline supplementation in type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial

Azizi

Ebrahimi-Mameghani

Mobasseri

et al. 2020

J Human Nutrition Diet

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Background The pathogenesis of diabetes is accompanied by oxidative stress. Citrulline can be considered as a potent antioxidant. The present study aimed to examine the effects of citrulline supplementation on the status of oxidative stress and serum levels of nitrite/nitrate (NOx) in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods The present study comprises a double‐blind placebo‐controlled randomised clinical trial. The study subjects include 54 patients with T2DM chosen from specialised clinics of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The patients were allocated to one of the placebo or intervention groups. The patients in the placebo and the intervention group received one sachet of microcrystalline cellulose or l‐citrulline (3 g), respectively, every day for 2 months. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), serum levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), citrulline and NOx were assessed before and after the intervention. Results Forty‐five patients completed the trial. Significant decreases were found in serum levels of FBS and MDA. Serum levels of TAC, citrulline and NOx in the intervention group increased compared to those of the placebo group, after adjusting the data for the baseline values and confounders. Differences between and within the two groups were statistically nonsignificant for GPx and SOD at the end of the study. Body mass index and energy intake were not changed significantly after the intervention. Conclusions The results of the present study show the positive effects of citrulline supplementation with respect to attenuating FBS levels and oxidative stress, as well as boosting NOx status, in patients with T2DM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Moreover, in another trial, arginine supplementation at 3 g day –1 in obese patients with prediabetes for 8 weeks elevated the TAC level ( 34 ) . Similarly, in a cross‐over study on obese or overweight adults, the consumption of watermelon (2 cups day –1 ) for 4 weeks increased TAC levels ( 35 ) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Oxidative stress and nitrate/nitrite (NOx) status following citrulline supplementation in type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial

Azizi

Ebrahimi-Mameghani

Mobasseri

et al. 2020

J Human Nutrition Diet

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“…Watermelon is a diuretic and contains large amounts of β-carotene, a precursor of Vitamin A (Naz et al 2014). The watermelon fruit is effective in reducing cancer, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, blood pressure and obesity (Edwards et al 2003;Naz et al 2014;Lum et al 2019). The quantitative assessment indicates that watermelon has 46% calories, 20% vitamin C and 17% vitamin A and has higher lycopene than tomato (Biswas et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiosensitivity of two varieties of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) to different doses of gamma irradiation

et al. 2020

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Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is one of the most popular fruits in Cameroon and the world at large. However, the extreme sensitivity of watermelon to parasites and climatic vagaries makes its cultivation demanding of chemical inputs that can have negative impacts on human health and the environment. In Cameroon, there is a slow improvement of fruit yield in watermelon breeding due to the lack of natural heritable genetic variation, which is a prerequisite for genetic improvement of crops. Such variation can be created through either random or targeted processes on genotypes with appropriate doses of radiation. Genetic improvement by induced mutagenesis appears today alongside hybridization as an alternative method of creating new plant varieties. However, the success of this approach is determined by the application of an appropriate and ideal dose of mutagen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the radiosensitivity of the two most cultivated watermelon varieties in Cameroon to gamma radiation from 60 Co in order to determine an optimal dose or lethal dose 50 (LD50) for the induction of the genetic variability necessary for genetic improvement. Seeds of the Kaolack and Crimson sweet watermelon varieties were irradiated with five doses of gamma radiation (100, 200, 300, 400 and 600 Gy) in the laboratory of the International Atomic Energy Agency in Seibersdorf, Austria. These seeds were cultivated in a greenhouse following an utterly randomized device with three repetitions, and parameters such as the germination rate, the survival rate and the shoot length of plants were evaluated. High rates of 90% and 75% germination were obtained, respectively, for the control treatments of Kaolack and Crimson sweet, while the lowest rates were 35% at 600 Gy for Kaolack and 30% at 400 Gy for Crimson sweet. The highest survival rate of plants (96.66%) was obtained with the control seeds of the Kaolack. This variety had the lowest survival rate (45.6%) at 600 Gy dose. Statistical analysis of data obtained helped to estimate the ideal LD50 doses based on growth reduction of seedlings' heights after gamma-ray treatment. Using a linear regression model based on parameters like plant size, the LD50 doses for Kaolack and Crimson sweet were calculated at 225.40 Gy and 221.56 Gy, respectively, and predicted between 200 and 250 Gy. These results show that the two varieties evaluated were radiosensitive as clearly expressed in the parameters evaluated, where the values decreased with the increase in the irradiation dose. The LD50 doses from this study could be safely applied as reference doses for large-scale gamma irradiation of watermelon genotypes to create desirable agronomic traits in the mutation breeding efforts.

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“…Watermelon contains a variety of other phytochemicals that have beneficial effects on human health, including dietary fiber, vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene, lycopene, and flavonoids ( 12 ). Consequently, other benefits of watermelon have recently been studied, including increased satiety and glucose tolerance ( 13 ) and decreased LDL and total cholesterol ( 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intake of Watermelon and Watermelon Byproducts in Male Mice Fed a Western-Style Obesogenic Diet Alters Hepatic Gene Expression Patterns, as Determined by RNA Sequencing

Egea

Pierce

Becraft

et al. 2020

Current Developments in Nutrition

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Background Consumption of watermelon has been associated with beneficial effects on metabolism including reductions in systolic blood pressure, improved fasting blood glucose levels, and changes in hepatic metabolite accumulation. Objective In the present study, we investigated the impact of consumption of watermelon flesh (WF), rind (WR), and skin (WS) on hepatic gene expression patterns in an obesogenic mouse model. Methods Following a ten-week feeding trial during which C57BL/6 J mice were provided either low-fat (LF) diet, high-fat (HF) diet, or high-fat plus watermelon skin (WS), watermelon rind (WR), or watermelon flesh (WF), hepatic RNA was isolated and RNA sequencing was performed. Bioinformatic approaches were used to determine changes in canonical pathways and gene expression levels for lipid- and xenobiotic-regulating nuclear hormone receptors and other related transcription factors including AhR, CAR, FXR, PPARα, PPARγ, LXR, PXR, and Nrf2. Results There were 9,394 genes that had unchanged expression levels between all 5 diet groups, and 247, 58, and 34 genes uniquely expressed in the WF, WR, and WS groups, respectively. Relative levels of mRNAs regulated by AhR, CAR, and PPARα were upregulated in mice consuming WF compared to HF fed mice, whereas mRNAs regulated mainly by CAR were upregulated in mice consuming WR and WS compared to HF. Conclusions At modest levels of intake reflective of typical human consumption, mice consuming WF, WS, and WR exhibited hepatic gene expression profiles altered from HF. Several of these changes involve genes regulated by ligand-responsive transcription factors implicated in xenobiotic and lipid metabolism, suggesting that modulation of these transcription factors occurred in response to consumption of watermelon skin, rind, and flesh. Some of these changes are likely due to nuclear hormone receptor-mediated changes involved in lipid and xenobiotic metabolism.

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Effects of Fresh Watermelon Consumption on the Acute Satiety Response and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Adults

Cited by 34 publications

References 47 publications

Oxidative stress and nitrate/nitrite (NOx) status following citrulline supplementation in type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial

Oxidative stress and nitrate/nitrite (NOx) status following citrulline supplementation in type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial

Radiosensitivity of two varieties of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) to different doses of gamma irradiation

Intake of Watermelon and Watermelon Byproducts in Male Mice Fed a Western-Style Obesogenic Diet Alters Hepatic Gene Expression Patterns, as Determined by RNA Sequencing

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