Effects of forest type and stand structure on coarse woody debris in old-growth rainforests in the Valdivian Andes, south-central Chile

Schlegel, Bastienne; Donoso, Pablo J.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.12.013

Cited by 44 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The AGC estimates for largely undisturbed forests in this study (200-400 t C ha −1 ) are similar to estimates for mature temperate forest types around the world (e.g., 199-586 t C ha −1 for temperate forests in North America- [45][46][47]; 146-439 t C ha −1 for temperate forests in Chile [48,49]. In the Australian context, Roxburgh et al [38] calculated tree biomass using the regression equations developed by Ash & Helman [50] and modified to include an adjustment for internal tree decay.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Carbon in Mature Native Forests in Australia: The Role of Direct Weighing in the Derivation of Allometric Equations

Ximenes

Kathuria

McLean

et al. 2018

Forests

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Accurate estimates of forest biomass are essential to understand the contribution of forests to climate change mitigation efforts. In this manuscript, we report on biomass determinations for 586 directly weighed trees located in three important native forest areas in Australia. The sites were paired according to management strategy; i.e., managed for periodic cycles of harvest or conservation only. The key aim of the work was to test whether non-site specific available biomass relationships are reliable, especially in the estimation of the biomass of trees with a large diameter at breast height (DBH). The above-ground carbon (AGC) estimates for largely undisturbed forests ranged from approximately 200-400 t C ha −1 . Existing allometric equations were generally poor at estimating biomass for mature trees, especially those of large DBH. Direct weighing of biomass ensured a degree of certainty in the results that cannot be associated with previous studies that relied on sub-sampling, or with studies that relied on existing allometric equations. Thus, caution should be exercised when interpreting the results of previous studies that did not rely on direct weighing of the biomass in the context of decisions around optimum forest management regimens, and the contribution of mature forest stands to the global carbon balance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Carbon in Mature Native Forests in Australia: The Role of Direct Weighing in the Derivation of Allometric Equations

Ximenes

Kathuria

McLean

et al. 2018

Forests

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“…In New Zealand, the highest biomass carbon density reported is for Agathis australis [range in living above-ground biomass of 364-672 and total biomass of 400-982 tC⅐ha Ϫ1 (28)]; and a synthesis based on forest inventory data gave a mean of 180 tC⅐ha Ϫ1 with a range in means for forest classes of 105-215 tC⅐ha Ϫ1 (29). In Chile, the highest biomass carbon densities reported are for Nothofagus, Fitzroya, Philgerodendron, and Laureliopsis [range in living above-ground biomass 142-439 and total biomass of 326-571 tC ha Ϫ1 (30)(31)(32)(33)]. …”

Section: Some Temperate Moist Forest Types Can Have Higher Biomass Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-evaluation of forest biomass carbon stocks and lessons from the world's most carbon-dense forests

Keith

Mackey

Lindenmayer

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

731

570

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From analysis of published global site biomass data (n ‫؍‬ 136) from primary forests, we discovered (i) the world's highest known total biomass carbon density (living plus dead) of 1,867 tonnes carbon per ha (average value from 13 sites) occurs in Australian temperate moist Eucalyptus regnans forests, and (ii) average values of the global site biomass data were higher for sampled temperate moist forests (n ‫؍‬ 44) than for sampled tropical (n ‫؍‬ 36) and boreal (n ‫؍‬ 52) forests (n is number of sites per forest biome). Spatially averaged Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change biome default values are lower than our average site values for temperate moist forests, because the temperate biome contains a diversity of forest ecosystem types that support a range of mature carbon stocks or have a long land-use history with reduced carbon stocks. We describe a framework for identifying forests important for carbon storage based on the factors that account for high biomass carbon densities, including (i) relatively cool temperatures and moderately high precipitation producing rates of fast growth but slow decomposition, and (ii) older forests that are often multiaged and multilayered and have experienced minimal human disturbance. Our results are relevant to negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change regarding forest conservation, management, and restoration. Conserving forests with large stocks of biomass from deforestation and degradation avoids significant carbon emissions to the atmosphere, irrespective of the source country, and should be among allowable mitigation activities. Similarly, management that allows restoration of a forest's carbon sequestration potential also should be recognized.Eucalyptus regnans ͉ climate mitigation ͉ primary forest ͉ deforestation and degradation ͉ temperate moist forest biome D eforestation currently accounts for Ϸ18% of global carbon emissions and is the third largest source of emissions (1). Reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) is now recognized as a critical component of climate change mitigation (2). A good understanding of the carbon dynamics of forests (3) is therefore important, particularly about how carbon stocks vary in relation to environmental conditions and human land-use activities. Average values of biomass carbon densities for the major forest biomes (4) are used as inputs to climate-carbon models, estimating regional and national carbon accounts, and informing policy debates (5). However, for many purposes it is important to know the spatial distribution of biomass carbon within biomes (6) and the effects of human land-use activities on forest condition and resulting carbon stocks (refs. 3 and 7 and www-.fao.org/forestry/site/10368/en).Primarily because of Kyoto Protocol rules (ref. 8; http:// unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf), interest in carbon accounting has been focused on modified natural forests and plantation forests. It has been argued that primary forests, especially very old forests, a...

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“…Furthermore, these temperate forest ecosystems globally support a wide range of ecosystem services in addition to carbon storage, including regulating the supply and quality of fresh water, biodiversity conservation and landscape aesthetic values, as well as the production of timber and pulpwood, resulting in competing land use demands. Examples of these carbon-dense temperate forests include Tsuga heterophylla, Picea sitchensis, Pseudotsuga menziesii and Abies amabilis in the Pacific Northwest of North America (Fujimori et al 1976, Grier and Logan 1977, Means et al 1992, Smithwick et al 2002, Leighty et al 2006, Eucalyptus regnans and E. obliqua in Australia (Dean et al 2003), Agathis australis in New Zealand (Silverster and Orchard 1999), and Nothofagus dombeyi, Fitzroya cupressoides, Philgerodendron uviferum and Laureliopsis philippiana in Chile (Battles et al 2002, Carmona et al 2002, Vann et al 2002, Romero et al 2007, Schlegel and Donoso 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing temperate forests for carbon storage: impacts of logging versus forest protection on carbon stocks

Keith¹,

Lindenmayer²,

Mackey³

et al. 2014

Ecosphere

130

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Abstract. Management of native forests offers opportunities to store more carbon in the land sector through two main activities. Emissions to the atmosphere can be avoided by ceasing logging. Removals of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere can be increased by allowing forests to continue growing. However, the relative benefits for carbon storage of managing native forests for wood production versus protection are contested. Additionally, the potential for carbon storage is impacted upon by disturbance events, such as wildfire, that alter the amount and longevity of carbon stocks.Using a case study of montane ash forests in southeastern Australia, we demonstrated that the total biomass carbon stock in logged forest was 55% of the stock in old growth forest. Total biomass included above-and belowground, living and dead. Biomass carbon stock was calculated spatially as an average across the landscape, accounting for variation in environmental conditions and forest age distribution. Reduction in carbon stock in logged forest was due to 66% of the initial biomass being made into products with short lifetimes (,3 years), and to the lower average age of logged forest (,50 years compared with .100 years in old growth forest). Only 4% of the initial carbon stock in the native forest was converted to sawn timber products with lifetimes of 30-90 years.Carbon stocks are depleted in a harvested forest system compared with an old growth forest, even when storage in wood products and landfill are included. We estimated that continued logging under current plans represented a loss of 5.56 Tg C over 5 years in the area logged (824 km 2 ), compared with a potential gain of 5.18-6.05 TgC over 5 years by allowing continued growth across the montane ash forest region (2326 km 2 ). Avoiding emissions by not logging native forests and allowing them to continue growing is therefore an important form of carbon sequestration. The mitigation value of forest management options of protection versus logging should be assessed in terms of the amount, longevity and resilience of the carbon stored in the forest, rather than the annual rate of carbon uptake.

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Effects of forest type and stand structure on coarse woody debris in old-growth rainforests in the Valdivian Andes, south-central Chile

Cited by 44 publications

References 37 publications

Carbon in Mature Native Forests in Australia: The Role of Direct Weighing in the Derivation of Allometric Equations

Carbon in Mature Native Forests in Australia: The Role of Direct Weighing in the Derivation of Allometric Equations

Re-evaluation of forest biomass carbon stocks and lessons from the world's most carbon-dense forests

Managing temperate forests for carbon storage: impacts of logging versus forest protection on carbon stocks

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