Effects of Flunixin Meglumine, Firocoxib, and Meloxicam in Equines After Castration

Gobbi, Francielli Pereira; Filippo, Paula Alessandra Di; Mello, Luciana de Macêdo; Lemos, Gabriela Bravim; Martins, Carla Braga; Albernaz, Antônio Peixoto; Quirino, C. R.

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103229

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In the current study, there was no difference in analgesic efficacy observed between flunixin, meloxicam and ketoprofen following inguinal castration, with pain scores returning close to normal at the same rate (within 24 h post-operatively) with flunixin and meloxicam. These findings are in agreement with a recent study evaluating the analgesic effect of these drugs following scrotal castration and supports the fact that meloxicam significantly reduces post-surgical pain and inflammation in horses following castration [ 27 ]. Equivalent levels of COX-2 inhibition were found between COX-2-selective (meloxicam or firocoxib) and nonselective (flunixin, phenylbutazone) anti-inflammatories, supporting a similar analgesic efficacy for meloxicam, firocoxib, phenylbutazone and flunixin [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Comparison of Flunixin Meglumine, Meloxicam and Ketoprofen on Mild Visceral Post-Operative Pain in Horses

Lemonnier

Thorin

Meurice

et al. 2022

Animals

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The analgesic efficacy of meloxicam and ketoprofen against equine visceral pain is unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy of meloxicam (M) and ketoprofen (K) to flunixin meglumine (F) following inguinal castration. Horses undergoing inguinal castration under general anesthesia were randomly assigned F (1.1 mg/kg), M (0.6 mg/kg) or K (2.2 mg/kg) intravenously two hours pre-operatively and 24 h later. A pain score (out of 31) was recorded blindly by a senior clinician and veterinary student before NSAIDs administration (T0), and after the first (T1) and second (T2) administrations, using a modified post-abdominal surgery pain assessment scale (PASPAS). Pain was classified as mild (score ≤ 7), moderate (score = 8–14) or severe (score > 14). Thirty horses (12 F, 10 M, 8 K) aged 6.2 ± 4.9 years, mostly warmbloods, were included. Horse welfare was not compromised regardless of the drug assigned. There was no statistically significant effect of NSAIDs on pain score. Mean pain scores were significantly higher at T1 than T0 for each NSAID (F: 5.08 ± 2.50 vs. 1.58 ± 1.38 (p < 0.001); M: 4.60 ± 2.32 vs. 1.10 ± 1.20 (p < 0.001); K: 5.25 ± 1.39 vs. 1.50 ± 1.51 (p < 0.0001)) and lower at T2 than T1 for F (2.92 ± 2.423 vs. 5.08 ± 2.50 (p < 0.001)) and M (2.90 ± 1.37 vs. 4.60 ± 2.32 (p < 0.0325)). At T1, senior pain scores were significantly different than for junior (5.56 ± 0.54 vs. 3.22 ± 0.62, p = 0.005). This study indicates that meloxicam and ketoprofen provide a similar level of analgesia to flunixin meglumine for the management of mild visceral pain in horses. PASPAS is not reliable for junior evaluators.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Comparison of Flunixin Meglumine, Meloxicam and Ketoprofen on Mild Visceral Post-Operative Pain in Horses

Lemonnier

Thorin

Meurice

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…After the animal regained consciousness, a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (flunixin meglumine, Finadyne, 1 mg/kg bwt, Intervet) was administered intravenously for analgesia 11 . This injection was repeated on subsequent days if signs of pain persisted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the animal regained consciousness, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (flunixin meglumine, Finadyne, 1 mg/kg bwt, Intervet) was administered intravenously for analgesia. 11 This injection was repeated on subsequent days if signs of pain persisted. In the case of excessive agitation before surgery, the dose of romifidine and/or butorphanol was increased; this occurred in three neonates and five yearlings.…”

Section: Anaesthesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Early castration in foals: Consequences on physical and behavioural development

Cognié

Fréret

Lansade

et al. 2022

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Background The impact of very early castration of foals has not yet been studied despite the many positive effects observed in dogs and cats. Objectives The objective of the study was to compare castration at 3 days and 18 months and assess their subsequent morphological and behavioural development. Study design This was a randomised, blinded clinical study. Methods Twenty‐two Welsh ponies underwent either early (3‐day old, EC group, n = 11) or traditional (18‐month old, TC group, n = 11) castration. Animals were followed up to 3 years of age. All ponies were castrated using a primary closure technique under general anaesthesia. Weight and morphometric measurements were monitored monthly from birth until 8 months of age in both groups. Then, measurements were taken every 3 months until 2 years of age and then every 6 months until 3 years of age. Temperament tests were performed on all animals when they were 1‐ and 3‐years old. Results No differences were observed between the EC and TC groups in terms of physical development from birth until 40 months of age or in terms of temperament and behaviour at either 1 or 3 years of age. Main limitations The study included only one breed (Welsh ponies) and only 22 animals that were castrated before 2 years of age, precluding comparison with castration performed at older ages. Conclusions We demonstrate that early castration at 3 days does not interfere with morphological or behavioural development.

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“…This partly explains why complications occur frequently after castration (Busk et al 2010). Physiological stress (Goundasheva et al 2005, Duran et al 2017, inflammatory reactions (, Jacobsen et al 2005, Busk et al 2010, Di Filippo et al 2014, Olson et al 2015, pain (Love et al 2013, Olson et al 2015, Gobbi et al 2020), temporary and quantitative changes of immune function and E hypovitaminosis (Demura et al 2006) have been reported in horses after castration. These surgical stress responses are directed at allowing the body to adapt to the trauma and injured tissues to heal (Moll et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of flunixin meglumine, meloxicam, and firocoxib on the acute-phase proteins in horses following standing castration

et al. 2021

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Excessive infection and inflammation are the most common complications associated with castration. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of flunixin meglumine (FM), meloxicam (MX), or firocoxib (FX) for inflammation control after castration in horses using acute-phase proteins (APP) as markers of inflammation. Thirty healthy, unbroken, mixed-breed horses (body weight 358.62±45.57kg and age 4.99±2.63 years) were randomly (n=10 animals/group) allocated to receive one of three different post-castration anti-inflammatory medicines: Group 1 (FM 1.1mg/kg bwt, IV, s.i.d for 5 days); Group 2 (MX 0.6mg/kg bwt, IV, s.i.d for 5 days); and Group 3 (FX 0.1mg/kg bwt, IV, s.i.d for 5 days). All horses were castrated in standing position, using the open technique. Serum and peritoneal APP concentrations were measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and determined before castration (0), and 3, 5, 24, 48, 72, 120 and 168 hours after castration. The results were submitted to analysis of variance using the SAS statistical program, and means were compared by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p<0.05). Three animals from the MX group developed hyperthermia (with rectal temperatures of 39.8, 39.3 and 38.9°C on day 4, 5 and 6, respectively) and showed local clinical signs of inflammation (inguinal and excessive scrotal edema) and reluctance to walk, as well as a rigid gait of the hind limbs. The same complications were observed in one FX horse. No complications were observed among the FM animals. The castration resulted in significant changes in serum and peritoneal values of total proteins, ceruloplasmin (Cp), transferrin (Tf), albumin (Alb), haptoglobin (Hp) and α1-acid glycoprotein (Gp) in animals of all experimental groups. However, the animals of the MX and FX groups presented more intense acute phase response compared to the animals of the FM group. Changes in the APP were associated with the surgical trauma of castration, but the differences between groups were associated with the ability of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug to control the inflammation. In conclusion, and based on the findings of acute phase proteins, flunixin is more efficient to control the magnitude of inflammation following castration as compared to meloxicam and firocoxib.

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Effects of Flunixin Meglumine, Firocoxib, and Meloxicam in Equines After Castration

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

Comparison of Flunixin Meglumine, Meloxicam and Ketoprofen on Mild Visceral Post-Operative Pain in Horses

Comparison of Flunixin Meglumine, Meloxicam and Ketoprofen on Mild Visceral Post-Operative Pain in Horses

Early castration in foals: Consequences on physical and behavioural development

Effects of flunixin meglumine, meloxicam, and firocoxib on the acute-phase proteins in horses following standing castration

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