Effects of Five Antifouling Biocides on Settlement and Growth of Zoospores from the Marine Macroalga Ulva lactuca L.

Wendt, Ida; Arrhenius, Åsa; Backhaus, Thomas; Hilvarsson, Annelie; Holm, Kristina Garne; Langford, Katherine; Tunovic, Timur; Blanck, Hans

doi:10.1007/s00128-013-1057-9

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The results reported here meet or exceed potency estimates previously determined for these compounds against other organisms. For example, polygodial is effective against fungal pathogens at approximately 1 µg mL −1 ( Kubo & Himejima, 1991 ), chlorothalonil kills water fleas and fathead minnows at 0.03–0.2 µg mL −1 ( Sherrard et al, 2002 ), and tolylfluanid controls seaweed zoospores at 0.03 µg mL −1 ( Wendt et al, 2013 ). However, systems that test the bioactivity of compounds in solution must be carefully interpreted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metamorphosis of the invasive ascidianCiona savignyi: environmental variables and chemical exposure

Cahill

Atalah

Selwood

et al. 2016

PeerJ

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In this study, the effects of environmental variables on larval metamorphosis of the solitary ascidian Ciona savignyi were investigated in a laboratory setting. The progression of metamorphic changes were tracked under various temperature, photoperiod, substrate, larval density, and vessel size regimes. Metamorphosis was maximised at 18 °C, 12:12 h subdued light:dark, smooth polystyrene substrate, and 10 larvae mL−1 in a twelve-well tissue culture plate. Eliminating the air-water interface by filling culture vessels to capacity further increased the proportion of metamorphosed larvae; 87 ± 5% of larvae completed metamorphosis within 5 days compared to 45 ± 5% in control wells. The effects of the reference antifouling compounds polygodial, portimine, oroidin, chlorothalonil, and tolylfluanid on C. savignyi were subsequently determined, highlighting (1) the sensitivity of C. savignyi metamorphosis to chemical exposure and (2) the potential to use C. savignyi larvae to screen for bioactivity in an optimised laboratory setting. The compounds were bioactive in the low ng mL−1 to high µg mL−1 range. Polygodial was chosen for additional investigations, where it was shown that mean reductions in the proportions of larvae reaching stage E were highly repeatable both within (repeatability = 14 ± 9%) and between (intermediate precision = 17 ± 3%) independent experiments. An environmental extract had no effect on the larvae but exposing larvae to both the extract and polygodial reduced potency relative to polygodial alone. This change in potency stresses the need for caution when working with complex samples, as is routinely implemented when isolating natural compounds from their biological source. Overall, the outcomes of this study highlight the sensitivity of C. savignyi metamorphosis to environmental variations and chemical exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metamorphosis of the invasive ascidianCiona savignyi: environmental variables and chemical exposure

Cahill

Atalah

Selwood

et al. 2016

PeerJ

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“…During a study of the co-culture of two green algae, Chen et al [38] observed similar differential allelopathic effects; they observed that the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was inhibited by Hydrodictyon reticulatum, with a notable hormetic effect at low concentrations. Wendt et al [39] also reported hormesis in the growth of macroalga Ulva lactuca zoospores induced by low concentrations of a biocide (triphenylborane pyridine). These studies demonstrated that hormetic responses are related to low concentrations of allelochemicals in different algal species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Effects of the Allelochemical Juglone on Growth of Harmful and Non-Target Freshwater Algae

2020

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Allelopathy has been applied to control nuisance algae in aquatic systems, but the effects of allelochemicals on the broad spectrum of algae are not well understood. We investigate algicidal effects of the allelochemical juglone on the bloom-forming, harmful algae Microcystis aeruginosa and Stephanodiscus hantzschii, and on several non-target algal species including cyanobacteria (Anabaena flos–aquae, Oscillatoria curviceps, and Phormidium subfuscum), diatoms (Asterionella formosa, Fragilaria crotonensis, and Synedra acus), and green algae (Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus ecornis, and Scenedesmus quadricauda), in laboratory and field enclosure bioassays. Under three treatment concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg L−1) of juglone, Microcystis cell density is significantly reduced by 35–93%. Concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mg L−1 inhibits Stephanodiscus growth almost equally (66% and 75%, respectively). To contrast, juglone produces a stimulatory allelopathic effect on three green algae, and other tested diatoms showed hormesis. Overall, the cyanobacteria are more sensitive to juglone than the green algae and diatoms. These results indicate that the allelopathic effects of juglone on microalgae vary depending on their characteristic cellular morphology and anatomy.

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“…The results reported here meet or exceed potency estimates previously determined for these compounds against other organisms. For example, polygodial is effective against fungal pathogens at approximately 1 µg mL -1 (Kubo and Himejima 1991), chlorothalonil kills water fleas and fathead minnows at 0.03 − 0.2 µg mL -1 (Sherrard et al 2002), and tolylfluanid controls seaweed zoospores at 0.03 µg mL -1 (Wendt et al 2013). However, systems that test the bioactivity of compounds in solution must be carefully interpreted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #1 of "Metamorphosis of the invasive ascidian Ciona savignyi: environmental variables and chemical exposure (v0.1)"

2016

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In this study, the effects of environmental variables on larval metamorphosis of the solitary ascidian Ciona savignyi were investigated in a laboratory setting. The progression of metamorphic changes were tracked under various temperature, photoperiod, substrate, larval density, and vessel size regimes. Metamorphosis was maximised at 18°C, 12:12 h subdued light:dark, smooth polystyrene substrate, and 10 larvae mL-1 in a twelve-well tissue culture plate. Eliminating the air-water interface by filling culture vessels to capacity further increased the proportion of metamorphosed larvae; 87 ± 5% of larvae completed metamorphosis within 5 days compared to 45 ± 5% in control wells. The effects of the reference antifouling compounds polygodial, portimine, oroidin, chlorothalonil, and tolylfluanid on C. savignyi were subsequently determined, highlighting (1) the sensitivity of C. savignyi metamorphosis to chemical exposure and (2) the potential to use C. savignyi larvae to screen for bioactivity in an optimised laboratory setting. The compounds were bioactive in the low ng mL-1 to high µg mL-1 range. Polygodial was chosen for additional investigations, where it was shown that mean reductions in the proportions of larvae reaching stage E were highly repeatable both within (repeatability = 14 ± 9%) and between (intermediate precision = 17 ± 3%) independent experiments. An environmental extract had no effect on the larvae but exposing larvae to both the extract and polygodial reduced potency relative to polygodial alone. This change in potency stresses the need for caution when working with complex samples, as is routinely implemented when isolating natural compounds from their biological source. Overall, the outcomes of this study highlight the sensitivity of C. savignyi metamorphosis to environmental variations and chemical exposure.

show abstract

Effects of Five Antifouling Biocides on Settlement and Growth of Zoospores from the Marine Macroalga Ulva lactuca L.

Cited by 21 publications

References 27 publications

Metamorphosis of the invasive ascidianCiona savignyi: environmental variables and chemical exposure

Metamorphosis of the invasive ascidianCiona savignyi: environmental variables and chemical exposure

Differential Effects of the Allelochemical Juglone on Growth of Harmful and Non-Target Freshwater Algae

Peer Review #1 of "Metamorphosis of the invasive ascidian Ciona savignyi: environmental variables and chemical exposure (v0.1)"

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