Effects of fish size and route of infection on virulence of a Danish Yersinia ruckeri O1 biotype 2 strain in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Ohtani, Maki; Villumsen, Kasper Rømer; Strøm, Helene Kragelund; Lauritsen, Anne Hjørngaard; Aalbæk, Bent; Dalsgaard, Inger; Nowak, Barbara F.; Raida, Martin; Bojesen, Anders Miki

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.01.041

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…While reductions in relative risk observed in this study could be a consequence of the improved performance reported in the present study, the fact that β-glucans alone, as well as citrus flavonoid supplementation also resulted in significantly reduced relative risk during infection, without the improved feed performance, indicates a more complex background for the observed reductions. While increased fish size has been shown to result in reduced mortalities following bath infection (Ohtani et al, 2019b), the effects of this will be limited within the scope of this study, and supplement specific characteristics will thus play important roles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to the initiation of the experimental work, each feed group was anonymized, and the experiment was performed as a single-blinded setup. This facility has previously been described in detail (Ohtani et al, 2019b). In brief, all tanks were supplied through a closed recirculating water system.…”

Section: Experimental Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bath infection was performed as previously described (Ohtani et al, 2019b). Briefly, cryopreserved Y. ruckeri serotype O1 biotype 2 (strain 07111224) was cultured on blood agar plates for 48 h. Single colonies were then used to inoculate Luria-Bertani broth, which was subsequently incubated at room temperature for 36 h. Prior to infection, the bacteria were harvested by centrifugation and resuspended in clean tank water.…”

Section: Experimental Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An unsupplemented base feed, as well as proprietary experimental feeds supplemented with β-glucan, β-glucan combined with organic acids, citrus flavonoids or yeast cell wall extracts, either alone or in combination, was fed to rainbow trout fingerlings (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Growth and feed performance parameters were recorded, and finally a waterborne Yersinia ruckeri serotype O1 biotype 2 infection model was employed (Ohtani et al, 2019b). Using an isolate from a Danish freshwater trout farm outbreak, this infection model addresses all natural barriers of the fish, including the gastrointestinal tract, and represents a highly relevant pathogenic threat to commercial rainbow trout farming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Citrus flavonoids, β-Glucan and organic acid feed additives decrease relative risk duringYersinia ruckeriO1 biotype 2 infection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Villumsen

Ohtani

Forberg

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Whether through direct supplementation of bacteria or by prebiotic supplementation thought to favour subsets of bacteria, modulation of gut microbiota constitutes an important and promising alternative to the use of prophylactic and growth promoting antibiotics in worldwide aquaculture. We fed a commercial base feed, alone or supplemented with either proprietary β-glucan, β-glucan and organic acids, citrus flavonoid or yeast cell wall supplements, to rainbow trout over a period of four weeks. Fish from each feed group were then subjected to experimental, waterborne infection with Yersinia ruckeri O1 biotype 2. Following experimental feeding, the β-glucan and organic acids supplemented group showed significantly improved feed conversion and lipid efficiency ratios. Furthermore, the β-glucan, β-glucan and organic acids and citrus flavonoid supplements proved to significantly reduce the risk of mortality in rainbow trout during experimental infection as shown by hazard ratio analysis. Resulting in 33.2%, 30.6% and 30.5% reduction in risk relative to the non-supplemented base feed, respectively, these three supplements show a promising potential either as stand-alone feed supplements, or as components in complex feed formulations. How to cite this article Rømer Villumsen K, Ohtani M, Forberg T, Tinsley J, Boye M, Bojesen AM. 2020. Citrus flavonoids, β-Glucan and organic acid feed additives decrease relative risk during Yersinia ruckeri O1 biotype 2 infection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). PeerJ 8:e8706 http://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8706 Rømer Villumsen et al. (2020), PeerJ, DOI 10.7717/peerj.8706 2/15 Tripoli E, La Guardia M, Giammanco S, Di Majo D, Giammanco M. 2007. Citrus flavonoids: molecular structure, biological activity and nutritional properties: a review. Food Chemistry . Yilmaz S, Ergun S. 2018. Trans-cinnamic acid application for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): I. Effects on haematological, serum biochemical, non-specific immune and head kidney gene expression responses. Fish Shellfish Immunol 78:140-157 DOI 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.034. Yılmaz S, Ergun S, Çelik EŞ, Yigit M. 2018. Effects of dietary humic acid on growth performance, haemato-immunological and physiological responses and resistance of Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss to Yersinia ruckeri. Aquaculture Research 49:3338-3349 DOI 10.1111/are.13798. Yılmaz S, Ergun S, Yigit M, Çelik EŞ. 2019. Effect of combination of dietary Bacillus subtilis and trans-cinnamic acid on innate immune responses and resistance of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss to Yersinia ruckeri. Aquaculture Research 51(2):441-454 DOI 10.1111/are.14379. Ytrestøyl T, Aas TS, Åsgård T. 2015. Utilisation of feed resources in production of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Norway. Aquaculture 448:365-374 YJ. 2014. Efficacy and tolerance of yeast cell wall as an immunostimulant in the diet of Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus). Aquaculture 432:217-224

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Citrus flavonoids, β-Glucan and organic acid feed additives decrease relative risk duringYersinia ruckeriO1 biotype 2 infection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Villumsen

Ohtani

Forberg

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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“…149 Experimental feeding continued throughout the infection period. 150 The bath infection was performed as previously described (Ohtani et al 2019b). Briefly, 151 cryopreserved Y. ruckeri serotype O1 biotype 2 (strain 07111224) was cultured on blood agar 152 plates for 48h.…”

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confidence: 99%

Peer Review #3 of "Citrus flavonoids, β-Glucan and organic acid feed additives decrease relative risk during Yersinia ruckeri O1 biotype 2 infection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (v0.1)"

2020

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Whether through direct supplementation of bacteria or by prebiotic supplementation thought to favour subsets of bacteria, modulation of gut microbiota constitutes an important and promising alternative to the use of prophylactic and growth promoting antibiotics in worldwide aquaculture. We fed a commercial base feed, alone or supplemented with either proprietary β-glucan, β-glucan and organic acids, citrus flavonoid or yeast cell wall supplements, to rainbow trout over a period of four weeks. Fish from each feed group were then subjected to experimental, waterborne infection with Yersinia ruckeri O1 biotype 2. Following experimental feeding, the β-glucan and organic acids supplemented group showed significantly improved feed conversion and lipid efficiency ratios. Furthermore, the b-glucan, β-glucan and organic acids and citrus flavonoid supplements proved to significantly reduce the risk of mortality in rainbow trout during experimental infection as shown by hazard ratio analysis. Resulting in 33.2%, 30.6% and 30.5% reduction in risk relative to the non-supplemented base feed, respectively, these three supplements show a promising potential either as stand-alone feed supplements, or as components in complex feed formulations.PeerJ reviewing PDF | Manuscript to be reviewed 24 Abstract 25 Whether through direct supplementation of bacteria or by prebiotic supplementation thought to 26 favour subsets of bacteria, modulation of gut microbiota constitutes an important and promising 27 alternative to the use of prophylactic and growth promoting antibiotics in worldwide aquaculture. 28 We fed a commercial base feed, alone or supplemented with either proprietary -glucan, -29 glucan and organic acids, citrus flavonoid or yeast cell wall supplements, to rainbow trout over a 30 period of four weeks. Fish from each feed group were then subjected to experimental, 31 waterborne infection with Yersinia ruckeri O1 biotype 2. Following experimental feeding, the -32 glucan and organic acids supplemented group showed significantly improved feed conversion 33 and lipid efficiency ratios. Furthermore, the -glucan, -glucan and organic acids and citrus 34 flavonoid supplements proved to significantly reduce the risk of mortality in rainbow trout 35 during experimental infection as shown by hazard ratio analysis. Resulting in 33.2%, 30.6% and 36 30.5% reduction in risk relative to the non-supplemented base feed, respectively, these three 37 supplements show a promising potential either as stand-alone feed supplements, or as 38 components in complex feed formulations.

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Mechanisms and the role of probiotic Bacillus in mitigating fish pathogens in aquaculture

Kuebutornye

Abarike

Hlordzi

et al. 2020

Fish Physiol Biochem

114

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Effects of fish size and route of infection on virulence of a Danish Yersinia ruckeri O1 biotype 2 strain in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Cited by 20 publications

References 36 publications

Citrus flavonoids, β-Glucan and organic acid feed additives decrease relative risk duringYersinia ruckeriO1 biotype 2 infection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Citrus flavonoids, β-Glucan and organic acid feed additives decrease relative risk duringYersinia ruckeriO1 biotype 2 infection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Peer Review #3 of "Citrus flavonoids, β-Glucan and organic acid feed additives decrease relative risk during Yersinia ruckeri O1 biotype 2 infection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (v0.1)"

Mechanisms and the role of probiotic Bacillus in mitigating fish pathogens in aquaculture

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