Effects of Fish Oil on the Central Nervous System: A New Potential Antidepressant?

Naliwaiko, Katya; Araújo, Renata Lins Fuentes; Fonseca, Renato; Castilho, João Cezar; Andreatini, Roberto; Bellissimo, Maria Ines; Oliveira, Brás Heleno de; Martins, Edgair Fernandes; Curi, Rui; Fernandes, Luíz Cláudio; Ferraz, Anete Curte

doi:10.1080/10284150410001704525

Cited by 65 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…One or a combination of these factors could contribute to increased depression and aggression scores reported in response to n-3 PUFA deprivation in rats. 15,39,[59][60][61][62] As CREB has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression as well as of bipolar disorder, 33,63,64 n-3 PUFAs' ability to regulate CREB could be related to their effects in these diseases. CREB requires phosphorylation in order to transcribe CREB-regulated genes, including BDNF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acid deprivation in rats decreases frontal cortex BDNF via a p38 MAPK-dependent mechanism

et al. 2006

Mol Psychiatry

258

151

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Decreased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been implicated in bipolar disorder. It also has been reported that dietary deprivation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for 15 weeks in rats, increased their depression and aggression scores. Here, we show that n-3 PUFA deprivation for 15 weeks decreased the frontal cortex DHA level and reduced frontal cortex BDNF expression, cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) transcription factor activity and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity. Activities of other CREB activating protein kinases were not significantly changed. The addition of DHA to rat primary cortical astrocytes in vitro, induced BDNF protein expression and this was blocked by a p38 MAPK inhibitor. DHA's ability to regulate BDNF via a p38 MAPK-dependent mechanism may contribute to its therapeutic efficacy in brain diseases having disordered cell survival and neuroplasticity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acid deprivation in rats decreases frontal cortex BDNF via a p38 MAPK-dependent mechanism

et al. 2006

Mol Psychiatry

258

151

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“…Owing to condition limitation, we could not measure the AA concentration in the shell after EPA treatment. However, several studies have demonstrated that EPA treatment can decrease AA concentration or n-6/n-3 ratio in different regions of the brain (Naliwaiko et al, 2004;Amusquivar et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoate Attenuates IL-1β-Induced Changes in Dopamine and Metabolites in the Shell of the Nucleus Accumbens: Involved with PLA2 Activity and Corticosterone Secretion

Song

Kang

et al. 2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Previously, we have reported that interleukin-1 b (IL-1) induces changes in dopaminergic (DA) and serotonergic systems in the core of nucleus accumbens (NAc). We have also demonstrated that n-3 fatty acid ethyl-eicosapentaenoate (EPA) can significantly reduce stress and anxiety-like behaviors, corticosterone concentration and peripheral inflammatory response induced by IL-1 administration. Compared to the core, the shell is involved more in emotion, stress and psychiatric diseases. However, the relationship between inflammation and the functions of DA system in the shell has not been studied. Since phospholipase (PL) A2 is a key enzyme in arachidonic acid (AA)-eicosanoids-prostaglandin (PG)E2 pathway, and the change in NAc dopaminergic system has been associated with glucocorticoid stimulation, therefore, the hypotheses of this study are (1) that IL-1 induced changes in DA neurotransmission in the shell may be through PLA2-PGE2-corticosterone pathway; (2) EPA may attenuate IL-1 effects via inhibiting PLA2 activities, which blocks PGE2 stimulation of corticosterone. Using an in vivo microdialysis method, the present study showed that IL-1 administration significantly increased extracellular levels of DA, and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the shell of the NAc. IL-1 also increased blood concentration of corticosterone and PGE2, and increased the activities of cytosolic and sectory of PLA2. IL-1-induced changes were significantly attenuated by EPA treatment. Furthermore, glucorcoticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone (RU486) pretreatment significantly blocked IL-1-induced changes in DA and metabolites. Qquinacrine, a PLA2 antagonist significantly blocked IL-1 induced increase in PGE2 and corticosterone concentrations. These results demonstrated the hypotheses that IL-1 effects may be via PLA2-PGE2-corticosterone pathway and EPA attenuated IL-1 effects may be through the suppression of PLA2 expression, which then reduced PGE2 synthesis and corticosterone secretion. Neuropsychopharmacology (2007) 32, 736-744.

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“…The beneficial health effects of ω-3 PUFAs are well defined: they are essential for the normal growth and development of the brain and nervous system and are also thought to exert beneficial effects during the treatment of coronary artery disease, hypertension, arthritis, clinical depression, anxiety, inflammatory and autoimmune disorders and cancer (Cao and Hur, 2005;Correa et al, 2008;Jeong et al, 2006;Lee et al, 2006;Su et al, 2003;Naliwaiko et al, 2004;Green et al 2006;Yehuda et al, 2005;Nemets et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acid Composition and Stability of Extracted Mackerel Muscle Oil and Oil-Polyethylene Glycol Particles Formed by Gas Saturated Solution Process

Haque¹,

Asaduzzaman²,

Chun³

2014

Fisheries and aquatic sciences

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The oil in mackerel muscle was extracted using an environment friendly solvent, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2 ) at a semibatch flow extraction process and an n-hexane. The SC-CO 2 was maintained at a temperature of 45 o C under pressures ranging from 15 to 25 MPa. The flow rate of CO 2 (27 g/min) was constant during the entire 2 h extraction period. The fatty acid composition of the oil was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC). Significant concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) acid were present in the SC-CO 2 extracted oil. The oil extracted using SC-CO 2 exhibited increased stability compared with n-haxane extracted oil. Particles of mackerel oil together with the biodegradable polymer, polyethylene glycol (PEG) were formed using a gas saturated solution process (PGSS) with SC-CO 2 in a thermostatted stirred vessel. Different temperatures (45-55 o C), pressures (15-25 MPa) and a nozzle size 400 µm were used for PGSS with a 1 h reaction time. The stability of mackerel oil in the particles did not changed significantly.

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Effects of Fish Oil on the Central Nervous System: A New Potential Antidepressant?

Cited by 65 publications

References 57 publications

n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acid deprivation in rats decreases frontal cortex BDNF via a p38 MAPK-dependent mechanism

n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acid deprivation in rats decreases frontal cortex BDNF via a p38 MAPK-dependent mechanism

Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoate Attenuates IL-1β-Induced Changes in Dopamine and Metabolites in the Shell of the Nucleus Accumbens: Involved with PLA2 Activity and Corticosterone Secretion

Fatty Acid Composition and Stability of Extracted Mackerel Muscle Oil and Oil-Polyethylene Glycol Particles Formed by Gas Saturated Solution Process

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