Effects of fish meal replacement by low‐gossypol cottonseed meal on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, intestine histology and inflammatory gene expression of silver sillago ( Sillago sihama Forsskál) (1775)

Abstract

A 56‐day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, inflammatory genes expression and intestine histology of silver sillago, Sillago sihama (Forsskål 1775), by replacing fish meal (FM) with low‐gossypol cottonseed meal (LCSM). Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated, including R0 group (control, containing 550.0 g/kg FM), R16 group (88.5 g/kg LCSM and 461.5 g/kg FM), R32 group (177.0 g/kg LCSM and 373.0 g/kg FM), R48 group (265.5 g/kg LCSM and 284.5 g/kg FM) and R64 group (354.0 g/kg LCSM and 196.0 g/kg FM). Fish fed R0 and R16 groups had a significantly higher weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) than R48 and R64 groups (p < .05). In contrast to whole‐body crude protein, whole‐body moisture increased with the FM level of substitution (p < .05). With the increased amount of LCSM in the diet, the activity of intestinal amylase (AMS) increased significantly (p < .05), and intestinal trypsin (TRP) decreased (p < .05). Dietary LCSM substitution upregulated the expression of intestinal tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), the nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB), and interleukin one beta (IL‐1β), but downregulated tight junction proteins ZO‐1(ZO‐1), transforming growth factor beta‐3 (TGF‐β3) and interleukin 10 (IL‐10) expression. Histological analysis revealed progressive morphological damage to the mid‐intestine with higher levels of FM replacement. These results showed that 88.5 g/kg (16%) of FM replaced by LCSM with amino acids (methionine and lysine) supplementation did not significantly reduce growth compared with FM‐based control.

Substitution of fish meal with soybean meal for juvenile Chinese mitten crab ( Eriocheir sinensis ) reared at three salinities: Effects on survival, growth, antioxidant capacity and body composition

“…Acanthopagrus schlegeli (Azarm & Lee, 2014) and Sillago sihama (Liu et al, 2020) after replacing FM with plant proteins. This may be ascribed to the increasing content of the anti-nutritional factors (such as protease inhibitors) with the increase of SBM in the formulated (Yue et al, 2012).…”

“…In this study, the activities of trypsin and amylase were decreased as the substitution level exceeded a certain range (24% or 39%). Several recent studies have reported the decrease in the trypsin activity of Portunus trituberculatus (Wang et al, 2019), E. sinensis (Xu et al, 2020), Marsupenaeus japonicus (Bulbul et al, 2016), Acanthopagrus schlegeli (Azarm & Lee, 2014) and Sillago sihama (Liu et al, 2020) after replacing FM with plant proteins. This may be ascribed to the increasing content of the anti‐nutritional factors (such as protease inhibitors) with the increase of SBM in the formulated feeds (Yue et al, 2012).…”

Effects of Low- and High-Level Gossypol and Sodium Butyrate Supplementation Under High-Level Gossypol Condition on Growth Performance and Intestinal Health of Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus♂)

“…In addition, hepcidin and il6, which often show high expression in intestinal inflammation, have different roles from proinflammatory factors in the progression of intestinal inflammation, and their upregulation is usually associated with a protective effect on the intestinal response to inflammation (Kuhn et al, 2018). Cotton seed meal can cause intestinal inflammation by upregulating the transcription of proinflammatory factors and downregulating anti-inflammatory factors (Liu et al, 2020). CPC substitution for FM upregulated intestinal tnfα and il1β expression in hybrid grouper (Yin et al, 2018) and downregulated TGF-β3 and IL-10 transcription in silver sillago (Sillago sihama Forsskál, 1775) (Liu et al, 2020).…”

“…Cotton seed meal can cause intestinal inflammation by upregulating the transcription of proinflammatory factors and downregulating anti-inflammatory factors (Liu et al, 2020). CPC substitution for FM upregulated intestinal tnfα and il1β expression in hybrid grouper (Yin et al, 2018) and downregulated TGF-β3 and IL-10 transcription in silver sillago (Sillago sihama Forsskál, 1775) (Liu et al, 2020). Studies in grass carp showed that excess gossypol upregulated the mRNA expression of tnfα, ifnγ 2, il1β, and il6 in the intestines of grass carp (Wang et al, 2019).…”

Liver immune parameters, complement pathway, inflammatory factor and TOR genes expression of silver sillago, Sillago sihama , fed with diets replacing fish meal with low‐gossypol cottonseed meal

“…In addition, the lack of exclusive forage production is due to the paucity of nutritional physiology research, leading to the use of shrimps or marine fish diets to cultivate the S. sihama. Previously, our laboratory has demonstrated that high levels of LCSM in diet can have a negative impact on the intestinal health of S. sihama (Liu et al, 2020); however, the effect of LCSM on the liver of S. sihama has not been reported. In this study, the effect of dietary LCSM on the antioxidant and non-specific immune parameters of the liver of S. sihama was investigated to provide basic data for the use of LCSM in the diet of S. sihama.…”